仿生机器人步态规划与控制系统设计

文章分析了六足仿生机器人典型直线行走步态和定点转弯步态,给出了不同步态下的机器人落足点的位置矢量表达式.根据六足步行机器人的机械结构和关节运动的协调性、准确性的控制要求,确定六足仿生机器人控制系统的设计,实现了六足仿生机器人按步态规划运动,通过测试,验证了整体设计方案的正确性和可靠性.     

基于探索者平台的多足仿生机器人实验研究

随着仿生机器人技术的不断进步,其应用领域越来越多。以"探索者"模块化机器人平台为基础,探索多足仿生机器人的运动控制规律,首先,对探索者机器人实验平台的组成进行了介绍;其次,根据仿生机器人的行走原理来构建仿生四足机器人3D模型,并进行实物搭建;最后,通过对蜥蜴的肢体运动规律进行研究,利用编程实现机器人对蜥蜴步态的模拟。     

仿生甲虫六足机器人结构设计与步态分析

在分析仿生甲虫生物原型的特点及运动机能的基础上,进行了仿生甲虫六足机器人的结构设计与样机设计,运用机器人的结构仿生和功能仿生原理,基于甲虫原型设计了六足机器人,给出了每足3自由度的机器人结构。原型样机是以身体纵向中心线为对称的八边形设计,6条腿均布身体两侧,所有腿关节均由伺服电机驱动,关节间连接构件采用性能良好的合成塑料代替金属构件,设计从结构上保证了仿生机器人能够有效地模拟甲虫的运动能力。通过对仿生甲虫机器人三足运动步态,特别是直线行走步态和定点转弯步态的分析,给出了直行和转弯动作时6条腿的末端位置矢量表达式,利用SOLIDWORKS和ADAMS软件进行了机器人运动仿真,结果证明仿生甲虫机器人运动平稳,满足设计要求。     

一种四足机器人机构及运动学研究

四足机器人凭借离散式的支撑方式,具有比轮式和履带式机器人更强的非结构化环境适应能力,在抢险救灾、星际探索、军事反恐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对四足机器人运动的低惯性、高稳定性等性能需求,以德国牧羊犬为仿生对象,开展了基于连杆机构的四足机器人机构及运动学研究。通过对移动步态的研究,为满足机器人快速移动的需求,确立了以对角步态为主要移动方式。最终,搭建实体样机,通过实验验证了机构设计及步态规划的有效性,满足机器人运动的稳定性及适应性。     

一种四足机器人机构及运动学分析

四足机器人凭借离散式的支撑方式,具有比轮式和履带式机器人更强的非结构化环境适应能力,在抢险救灾、星际探索、军事反恐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对四足机器人运动的低惯性、高稳定性等性能需求,以德国牧羊犬为仿生对象,开展了基于连杆机构的四足机器人机构及运动学研究。通过对移动步态的研究,为满足机器人快速移动的需求,确立了以对角步态为主要移动方式。最终,搭建实体样机,通过实验验证了机构设计及步态规划的有效性,满足机器人运动的稳定性及适应性。     

多自由度模块化链节式8足机器人三总线控制系统设计

多自由度模块化链节式8足机器人的高自由度以及相似的单元结构对其多样步态的实时控制提出新的要求.为解决其控制问题,研究了多足生物的运动特点,并利用从中发现的步态周期传递特性建立了一套适用于多足机器人的控制策略、三总线控制系统及软件算法.经实物样机验证,采用此控制系统的机器人可完成不同步态的灵活切换,并可通过不同的传递周期改变体节之间的相位差.该控制系统可以完成所要求的控制任务,合理简化机器人的步态控制算法和程序.      

基于类蜘蛛仿生煤矿救灾机器人步态研究

基于类蜘蛛仿生多足煤矿救灾机器人是一种具有冗余运动、多支链、时变拓扑运动机构的特种机器人,利用类蜘蛛仿生煤矿救灾机器人模仿了蜘蛛的行走特点,遵循蜘蛛行走时的摆腿顺序,在不同情况下设计不同的摆腿行走顺序,使煤矿救灾机器人的灵活性以及对复杂环境的适应性大为增强,能够快速灵活的进入煤矿巷道中,对巷道中的复杂情况进行及时了解并及时处理.通过对机器人学的研究,能更好的符合仿生学的发展方向和趋势,使步态模仿蜘蛛法达更加合理稳定的效果,进一步提高机器人的行走速度,缩短救援时间,加强救援能力.     

液压四足机器人关键步态参数优化

针对四足液压仿生机器人walk步态中足端轨迹规划问题,提出了通过优化步高和步长这两个关键步态参数来提高机器人行走稳定性的方法。通过聚合交叉的方法进行实验设计,用速度和步长及仿真得到的评价函数值进行三维曲面拟合,用速度截取所拟合的曲面得到不同速度下的最优步长。较优的步高确定采用二分法。步高和步长的优化效果用评价函数和Adams仿真进行验证,其中评价函数的构造充分考虑了表征机器人机身姿态平稳性的多组参数;四足机器人行走的仿真实验表明使用所述方法优化后的步态参数进行足端轨迹规划,得到的机器人静步态具有优异的运动性能表现。      

基于力控制模式的四足仿生机器人的动力学仿真

针对四足仿生机器人,研究了基于力控制模式下的四足仿生机器人的动力学仿真实现方法.首先利用虚拟现实建模语言对四足仿生机器人进行仿真模型的建立和有关参数的定义;然后对四足仿生机器人按照空间向量代数建立运动学方程;接着,采用迭代牛顿-欧拉算法对四足仿生机器人进行逆动力学分析,以求得在力控制模式下的动力学仿真所需的各关节驱动扭矩,并建立了基于机器人中间件的动力学仿真系统.最后,通过四足仿生机器人在对角小跑步态下的动力学仿真实验,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于复合摆线轨迹的四足机器人稳定性分析

为了缩短四足机器人的研发周期,进一步提高其运动稳定性,基于复合摆线轨迹对不同步态周期下四足机器人的稳定性进行了研究.给出了四足机器人结构设计,并建立运动学模型进行运动学分析.采用复合摆线法进行轨迹规划,然后进一步结合运动学模型得到各关节驱动函数,并将其导入到ADAMS模型中设置相关约束进行动力学仿真.将机体翻转角作为主...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to