油菜素内酯诱导蚕豆气孔关闭与过氧化氢和一氧化氮的关系

研究了油菜素内酯(BR)对蚕豆气孔运动的效应及其与过氧化氢和一氧化氮的关系。结果表明,BR能显著诱导气孔关闭,其最适处理浓度和时间分别为5μmol/L和3h。H2O2清除剂抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶、NO清除剂c-PTIO和血红蛋白、过氧化氢产生酶NADPH氧化酶抑制剂二苯基碘和NO产生酶一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NAME均显著抑制BR诱导的气孔关闭,显示NADPH氧化酶催化产生的H2O2和NOS催化产生的NO参与BR诱导气孔关闭。BR有显著抑制ABA诱导气孔关闭的效应。     

气孔运动调控中过氧化氢和一氧化氮信号途径的交叉作用

用NO荧光指示剂DAF-2DA测定了H 2 O 2 对蚕豆和鸭跖草气孔保卫细胞NO的影响;以蚕豆幼苗为材料研究了H 2 O 2 和NO在调控气孔运动中的相互关系.结果表明,H 2 O 2 能够诱导保卫细胞胞质NO的形成,其诱导作用可以被2-苯-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑-1-氧-3-氧化物(PTIO)所清除和N G -氮-L-精氨酸-甲酯(L-NAME)所阻断.推测保卫细胞中可能存在一氧化氮合酶(NOS)类似物.H 2 O 2 主要是通过NOS途径诱导产生NO.在10～100μmol/L范围内,NO的供体硝普钠(SNP)和H 2 O 2 都可诱导气孔关闭,并具明显的浓度效应.H 2 O 2 清除剂过氧化氢酶(CAT)能够完全抵消NO的诱导气孔关闭作用;H 2 O 2 合成抑制剂二苯基碘(DPI)可部分减弱NO诱导的气孔关闭.NO合酶抑制剂L-NAME和NO的清除剂与H 2 O 2 共处理时,H 2 O 2 诱导气孔关闭的作用被大大减弱.结果说明,在调控气孔运动中H 2 O 2 和NO具有相互依赖性,H 2 O 2 和NO信号分子具有信号自身放大功能,共同参与了对气孔运动的调控.     

铜胺氧化酶在乙烯诱导蚕豆气孔关闭中的作用

研究了铜胺氧化酶(CuAO)及其催化产物过氧化氢(H2O2)在乙烯利诱导蚕豆气孔关闭中的作用.乙烯释放化合物2-氯乙基磷酸(乙烯利)激活了非质体CuAO活性、提高了保卫细胞H2O2产生并诱导气孔关闭,乙烯利的上述效应被CuAO的两种不可逆抑制剂氨基胍(AG)和2-溴乙胺(BEA)抑制.在几种CuAO催化产物中,只有H2O2能阻止AG或BEA抑制乙烯利诱导气孔关闭.CuAO的主要底物腐胺(Put)也不抑制乙烯利诱导气孔关闭.研究结果表明,CuAO催化产生的H2O2参与了乙烯诱导的蚕豆气孔关闭.     

壳梭孢素促进蚕豆气孔开放与保卫细胞H2O2的关系

研究了壳梭孢素(FC)诱导蚕豆气孔开放与保卫细胞过氧化氢(H2O2)水平的关系.结果证明,FC、H2O2清除剂抗坏血酸(ASA)和H2O2合成抑制剂二苯基碘(DPI)均能于暗中诱导气孔开放.另外,FC和ASA不仅阻止外源H2O2诱导气孔关闭,而且促进暗诱导已关闭气孔重新开放,但DPI无此效应.将上述结果联系起来考虑,表明FC通过清除降低保卫细胞内源H2O2水平进而促进气孔开放.     

NO,H2O2介导根系渗透胁迫和脱落酸诱导的气孔关闭

运用表皮实验和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术对NO和H2O2在根系渗透胁迫和外源脱落酸（ABA）处理诱导蚕豆气孔关闭中的作用及其相互关系进行了研究．结果表明，渗透胁迫及外源ABA处理既促进保卫细胞内源NO和H2O2形成，也诱导气孔关闭；外源H2O2和SNP可促进气孔关闭，也分别诱导保卫细胞NO和H2O2产生．还对根系渗透胁迫诱导蚕豆气孔关闭中ABA、NO和H2O2的关系进行了讨论，认为渗透胁迫可能通过ABA诱导NO和H2O2产生，促进气孔关闭且NO和H2O2之间存在相互作用．     

eATP通过H2O2参与H2S对拟南芥气孔运动和保卫细胞K+流的调节（英文）

硫化氢(H2S)和通过ABC转运体转运至胞外形成的胞外ATP(eA TP)均参与对气孔运动的调控,但尚不清楚eA TP在H2S诱导气孔关闭中的作用机制.本研究显示,ABC转运体抑制剂和质膜嘌呤受体抑制剂能够抑制H2S诱导的气孔关闭和所引起的保卫细胞中H2O2水平的升高;但H2S不能引起Atmrp4、Atmrp5以及Atmrp4/5中eA TP的积累和保卫细胞中H2O2水平的升高;H2S亦不能引起Atmrp4/5保卫细胞原生质体K+外流.据此推论:H2S可通过eA TP调控H2O2,进而调节气孔保卫细胞钾离子通道诱导气孔关闭.     

Ca2+在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中的作用

利用表皮生物分析法，通过表皮条缓冲液中加CaCl2研究了Ca＾2＋在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中的作用．研究发现在不同浓度的H2O2溶液中加入0．05mol/L和0．005mol/L CaCl2均能加强H2O2对蚕豆气孔关闭的促进作用，H2O2和Ca^2 浓度越高，气孔开度减小越明显．推测在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中，保卫细胞质中Ca^2 浓度升高时的来源可能是质外体中的Ca^2＋．     

H2O2介导的NO合成参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭

利用药理学实验、激光共聚焦显微技术结合遗传学手段,证明光下乙烯利可诱导拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且具有时间和剂量效应．乙烯利能够明显增加气孔保卫细胞和叶片的H2O2和NO水平,且H2O2和NO清除剂均明显抑制乙烯利诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭．硝酸还原酶（NR）、NADPH氧化酶和细胞壁过氧化物酶的抑制剂可不同程度抑制乙烯利的作用．乙烯利亦可明显诱导Atnoal突变体叶片气孔关闭及NO的积累,但对nial,nia2突变体没有明显影响．清除H2O2可减弱乙烯利对NO含量和NR活性的诱导效应,说明H2O2和NO均参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且NO（主要由NR途径合成）可能位于H2O2下游参与调控这一信号通路．     

ABA和H2 O2在NaCl诱导的气孔关闭中的作用

以拟南芥野生型（wt）和ABA合成缺失突变体（aba3）为材料，采用表皮生物分析法研究了NaCl胁迫条件下，ABA和H2O2在气孔关闭中的作用。结果表明：100mmol/L的NaCl可有效诱导wt气孔关闭，而对aba3的气孔运动无明显影响；10^-2mmol/L的H2O2处理或100mmol/L的NaCl与10^-2mmol/L ABA共处理可有效诱导wt与aba3的气孔关闭，且幅度类似；H2O2的性清除剂CAT可部分逆转NaCl处理及NaCl与ABA共处理引起的气孔关闭，因此推测，NaCl胁迫条件下，植物保卫细胞内ABA浓度升高，诱导H2O2的产生，进而诱导了气孔关闭。     

H2O2介导的NO合成参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭

利用药理学实验、激光共聚焦显微技术结合遗传学手段,证明光下乙烯利可诱导拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且具有时间和剂量效应. 乙烯利能够明显增加气孔保卫细胞和叶片的H2O2和NO水平,且H2O2和NO清除剂均明显抑制乙烯利诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭.硝酸还原酶(NR)、NADPH氧化酶和细胞壁过氧化物酶的抑制剂可不同程度抑制乙烯利的作用. 乙烯利亦可明显诱导Atnoal突变体叶片气孔关闭及NO的积累,但对nial,nia2突变体没有明显影响.清除H2O2可减弱乙烯利对NO含量和NR活性的诱导效应,说明H2O2和NO均参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且NO(主要由NR途径合成)可能位于H2O2下游参与调控这一信号通路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-