煤催化气化的修正缩核反应模型研究

针对煤的催化气化反应中以往的动力学模型不再适用这一情况，以气固非催化缩核反应动力学模型为基础，考虑了催化剂对反应的作用，并将催化剂的影响因素用一个催化有效因子函数来表达，该函数包括催化剂的催化能力、加入量以及滞留效应等；建立了适合于煤催化气化反应的修正缩核反应动力学模型．结果表明，在模型适用范围内模型模拟值与实验结果吻合良好，误差在l.4％以内．     

MnCuOx／Al2O3催化剂上的催化燃烧及其动力学研究

研究了用于挥发性有机化合物催化燃烧的金属与催化层一体化催化剂，探讨了孔径对催化剂性能的影响。根据Ｌａｎｇｍ ｕｉｒ吸附理论，建立了催化燃烧反应动力学模型，得到了甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷在空气中催化燃烧反应动力学方程。     

杂多酸催化合成己二酸二异辛酯的非等混反应动力学研究

采用自建动态酯化反应实验装置，研究了以磷钨杂多酸作为催化剂，由己二酸和异辛醇合成己二酸二异辛酯的反应条件．在研究中．我们根据杂多酸催化己二酸二异辛酯液相合成反应的特点，导出了非等温条件下的反应速率方程，并以此为基础，对不同实验条件的多组实验数据进行了动力学处理．大量计算结果表明，杂多酸催化己二酸二异辛酯的合成反应服从二级动力学模型，对己二酸和异辛醇来说，反应级次均为一级；对杂多酸催化剂来说，反应级次为二级．该反应表观反应活化能为１０４．２６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，指前因子为３．６１×１０（１３）Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｍｉｎ（－１）．     

动态法研究乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯合成反应机理

结合锆基催化剂在乙二醇单乙醚酯合成反应中的催化特性，利用程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和程序升温表面反应（ＴＰＳＲ）作为动态分析手段，对该反应机理进行了系统的研究，结果表明，吸附在催化剂上的乙二醇单乙醚和液相中的醋酸经液－固相反应进行产物酯，且由此机理导出的反应动力学方程与根据实验数据计算得到的反应动力学方程是一致的。     

元素态Hg~0在半焦表面的吸附平衡和动力学研究

利用小型固定床微分反应器对制备的原料半焦以及改性半焦吸附材料进行元素态Hg~0吸附平衡和动力学研究,分别采用Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和Temkin方程对Hg~0吸附平衡数据进行拟合,采用颗粒内扩散方程、Elovich方程、表观一级动力学方程以及准二级动力学方程对Hg~0吸附动力学数据进行拟合。结果表明,用Langmuir方程可较好预测原料半焦(HL-SC)对元素态Hg~0的吸附平衡,其吸附动力学用颗粒内扩散模型拟合的线性相关性最好;盐酸改性后的半焦(HC-SC)对元素态Hg~0的吸附平衡用Freundlich方程预测较好,其吸附动力学符合表观一级动力学方程;高锰酸钾/热处理组合改性后的半焦(KM-HT-SC)对元素态Hg~0的吸附平衡用Langmuir方程预测较好,其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。     

非水介质中酶促酯化反应机制及醇抑制动力学

以非极性大孔吸附树脂吸附固定化脂肪酶在异辛烷／四氯化碳混合溶剂中选择性催化Ｓ－２（６－甲氧基－２－萘基）丙酸与正辛酯化为反应模型,对非常规溶剂中酶催化反应机制及动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明：在有机溶剂中该脂肪酶催化萘普森与正辛醇的酯化反应同样符合米氏方程,此酯化反应符合双底物乒乓反应机制,但值得提出的是酰基受体的过量存在会对酯化产生竞争性抑制作用。     

煤焦催化气化的修正随机孔模型研究

针对煤焦催化气化中传统的动力学模型不再适用这一情况，以广泛应用于煤焦气化动力学研究的随机孔模型为基础，考虑了催化剂对反应过程的催化作用，通过引入催化作用因子，建立了适用于煤焦催化气化反应的修正随机孔模型．选取神府煤焦为研究对象，将煤焦CO2催化气化作为探针反应，做了典型KCl催化荆和K-Ni复合催化剂的催化气化实验，并对模型进行了验证．结果表明：修正随机孔模型较好地体现了煤焦催化气化的动力学规律，即催化剂的添加有效地增大了反应界面处的活性部位和活性表面积，使气化反应在更温和的条件下快速进行．经验常数说明Ni-K复合催化剂的催化能力大于KCl催化剂，这与许多学者的研究结果是一致的．另外，由于反应初期的传质阻力不可忽略，故实验值与模拟值存在一定误差．     

颗粒改性活性氧化铝吸附除氟动力学和热力学的研究

通过对硫酸铁改性活性氧化铝颗粒（FMAA）吸附除氟的静态实验研究,得到其吸附动力学和吸附热力学描述,并进一步探讨了吸附机理和速率控制步骤。用拟一阶动力学模型、拟二阶动力学模型、Elovich模型、Boyd模型对吸附动力学实验数据进行拟合,发现所有动力学数据均符合拟二阶动力学模型,且Boyd模型拟合结果支持颗粒内扩散为动力学控制步骤的结论。采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Sips吸附等温线模型对数据进行拟合,结果显示吸附平衡数据与Sips模型相关性好,且Sips常数γ=0.712,说明FMAA上的氟离子是不均一的单层吸附。由范特霍夫方程求得吸附焓变ΔH⁰=30.39 kJ/mol,且动力学实验数据与Elovich方程相关性好,说明FMAA对氟离子的吸附主要为化学吸附。     

Pd/C催化剂作用下4,4'-二硝基二苯醚的加氢动力学

采用Pd/C催化荆在间歇高压釜中考察了4,4'-二硝基二苯醚(DNDPE)液相催化加氢的反应动力学.在消除内外扩散影响的条件下,通过测定催化加氢过程中DNDPE、4,4'-二氨基二苯(DADPE)浓度随时间的变化关系,获取了DNDPE催化加氢的速率常数等动力学参数,并采用EVIEWS数理统计软件对可能的动力学模型进行数据拟合和参数估计,筛选出一个符合实验结果的动力学模型.根据动力学模型判断在Pd/C催化剂作用下DNDPE的动力学反应中,H原子的吸附为反应控制步骤.     

松树皮吸附水溶液中铜离子的性能研究

以松树皮作为吸附剂,进行了生物吸附铜离子的性能研究实验.考察了吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间以及溶液初始浓度等方面对松树皮从水溶液中吸附铜离子的影响,并研究了符合铜离子吸附的平衡热力学和动力学模型.结果表明,平衡数据很好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式和二级反应动力学方程.在25℃下,铜离子初始质...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.