氧和铝在氧化铝中的自扩散参数评估

评估了氧和铝在Ａｌ２Ｏ３中的自扩散参数,分析了其扩散机理．得出：（１）在１７７０～２１００Ｋ 温度范围内,氧分压不超过１．０×１０５Ｐａ时,杂质总含量为３０×１０－６～５００×１０－６,Ｍｇ,Ｔｉ含量低于３０× １０－６的未掺杂Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶中,氧的自扩散系数与温度的关系式,氧分压和扩散方向对该扩散系数 值影响不明显．（２）在１９４３～２１７８Ｋ范围,多晶Ａｌ２Ｏ３中铝的自扩散系数在１０－１５到１０－１４ｍ２／ｓ之间, 扩散活化能为 ４７７ ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．（３）单晶Ａｌ２Ｏ３中主要杂质为ＴｉＯ２和 ＭｇＯ,掺Ｔｉ将降低氧的自扩散系 数,增加铝的自扩散系数;掺Ｍｇ使氧的自扩散系数略有增加;其他杂质对氧和铝在Ａｌ２Ｏ３中的 扩散系数影响不大．（４）氧和铝均通过空位扩散．     

Al_2O_3 弥散 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具

在Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷中，通过加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３弥散颗粒，使材料的硬度和高温性能都得到提高，从而获得更好的切削耐磨性。研究结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３的引入使Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷的常温强度和韧性有所下降而硬度和高温力学性能得到了改善。切削试验表明：Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３系金属陶瓷比硬质合金、Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷刀具有更好的切削性能。ＳＥＭ观察表明：在Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３金属陶瓷中，Ａｌ２Ｏ３与Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）有相互抑制晶粒生长的作用，使Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷的晶粒更细化     

Al膜和衬底Ti间的反应和互扩散

本文研究了厚度为1.25μm Al 膜与 Ti 衬底间在580～800℃反应时,金属间化合物TiAl 及 Ti_3Al 的生长规律,并用 Boltzmonn—Matano—Heuman 和 Wagner 方程计算了Al 在化合物中的互扩散系数及扩散激活能,找出了扩散系数随温度和时间的变化规律.Al 在TiAl 及 Ti_3Al 中的扩散激活能 Q_r 及 Q_a,分别为0.73+0.1eV 和 0.59+0.1eV.     

添加钇对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

设计并熔炼了成分为（Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ５０）１００－ｘＹｘ（ａｔｏｍ）＝０－２．０％）的合金，用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、三点弯曲试验等手段，研究了添加钇（Ｙ）对ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：２的添加能改变ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织，使γＴｉＡｌ使合金晶粒细化，促进γ＋α２片层状组织的形成，适量钇的添加能降低ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ     

一种高温合金的γ＇相析出初期长大动力学

研究了合金在不同处理制度下组织状态及γ＇相析出初期的长大规律．结果表明，析出初期与（ｔ１／２）成线性关系，合金ｋγ＇相的长大速度为２．８２×１０９×ｅｘｐ（－２０．３×１０３／Ｔ），合金中Ａｌ、Ｔｉ的平均扩散激活能为３４７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

位错管道纵向和横向扩散所引起的非线性内耗峰

若干年以来，我们对于出现在Ａｌ－Ｃｕ和Ａｌ－Ｍｇ系中的表现正常和反常振幅效应的坐落在室温附近的温度内耗峰进行了系统研究。测得的激活能接近于溶质原子在位错管道中扩散的激活能，从而认为内耗峰的基本过程是溶质原子在位错芯内的扩散，并且提出了位错弯结模型，在７０年代，Ｓｃｈｉｌｐｆ等根据弦模型对于位错芯内的扩散进行了理论计算，推导出有可能出现两种类型的内耗峰（纵向和横向扩散）还描述了它们的非线性表观以及内     

Al含量对（Ti,Al）N薄膜表面脆性的影响

利用刚性球体压入法测定了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ薄膜的表面脆性。试验结果表明：随着薄膜中Ａｌ含量的增加（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ薄膜的表面脆性不断降低，当Ａｌ含量在２２．５％－３０％的范围内时薄膜的表面脆性最低，此后随着Ａｌ含量的进一步增加薄膜的表面脆性又呈上升的趋势。对薄膜中的残余应力的计算结果表明，随着Ａｌ含量的增加，残余应务呈先降后升的趋势。基于薄膜中残余应力的变化，合理地解释了Ａｌ含量对（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ薄膜     

Ti—Al—Y三元系相图1000℃部分等温截面重新确定

利用扩散偶局部平衡原理，通过金相观察和电子探针微区成分分析，重新测定了１０００℃下Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｙ三元部分等温截面相图。首次发现该系在１０００℃存在两个三元化合物均相区Ｙ（ＡｌｘＴｉ１－ｘ）２（ｘ＝８０％￣１００％）和Ｙ３（ＡｌｘＴｉ１－ｘ）２（ｘ＝８０％￣１００％）改变了以前发表的关于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｙ三元相图１０００℃等温截面的研究结果。此外在所测部分等温截面相图中存在６个单相区，９个两相平衡区，４     

Ti和AlN陶瓷的界面反应

采用电子束蒸发的方法在抛光的２００℃ＡｌＮ陶瓷衬底上淀积厚度为２００ｎｍ的Ｔｉ膜，并在高真空中退火．利用二次离子质谱（ＳＩＭＳ）、卢瑟福背散射谱（ＲＢＳ）、俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）和Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）技术，研究了从２００～８５０℃温区内Ｔｉ与ＡｌＮ的固相界面反应，给出了界面组分分布随退火温度和时间的变化关系．在界面区发现了三元铝化物并观测到铝化物产生与发展过程．指出铝化物由Ｔｉ－Ａｌ二元和Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｎ三元化合物组成．最后利用热力学理论对实验结果进行了解释     

Ti－Al－Ga系双相γ－TiAl合金的组织及室温拉伸性能

通过对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｇａ系γ－ＴｉＡｌ基（α２＋γ）双相合金的铸态及热等静压状态组织和室温拉伸性能的试验研究，发现Ｇａ能明显地改变合金的组织，降低Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－３Ｇａ合金中γ相晶格的ｃ／ａ比值，是改善（α２＋γ）双相合金室温抗拉强度和室温塑性的有效合金元素．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.