新出口退税机制对人民币汇率之影响

通过研究出口退税机制的变化轨迹,探讨开放经济条件下,新机制对我国外贸进出口,外汇收支和人民币汇率的经济学作用机理,着重分析进出口退税机制调整对人民币汇率的影响,进而建议以静制动,维持人民币汇率的长期稳定。     

人民币实际有效汇率和美元指数对中国进出口贸易的影响

在分析当前人民币实际有效汇率与美元指数对中国进出口贸易研究现状的基础上,借鉴Johansen协整模型和误差修正模型,利用GARCH模型计算月度波动率,对2001年1月至2010年6月我国进出口总量月度数据进行实证研究.从人民币实际有效汇率及其波动以及美元指数及其波动对进出口贸易的影响进行分析.研究结果表明:人民币实际有效汇率对中国的出口影响较大,而对进口影响较小;美元指数的波动对中国进出口贸易的影响幅度较大.同时,研究表明美元指数是人民币实际有效汇率的Granger原因,反之不是.研究证明,自加入WTO以来,中国的贸易失衡状况不仅与人民币实际有效汇率水平有关,也和美元本身汇率水平及其波动有关.研究结果为人民币实际有效汇率政策和贸易政策的制定提供了一定的参考.     

人民币均衡实际汇率测度与准确性检验

我国在经济转轨过程中,汇率体制改革和政策调整会使人民币汇率的数据生成过程发生结构突变。在发展中国家均衡实际汇率模型的基础上,建立了基于结构突变的人民币均衡实际汇率模型,通过考察国际收支差额与汇率失调的关系,检验了测算结果的准确性。实证结果显示,在考虑结构突变的情况下,多数基本经济要素变量与人民币实际有效汇率存在显著的长期均衡关系,人民币汇率在2002年以后确实存在一定程度的低估。现实汇率的失调对国际收支平衡的影响非常显著。     

人民币汇率升值对中国经济的影响

在国民经济中,汇率影响着整个国民经济的消费、投资、政府和进出口这四个方面。因此,汇率变动对我国经济产生很大的影响。2005年汇率改革以来,人民币一直处于升值阶段,同时也产生了很多问题。本论述重点研究人民币汇率升值对我国经济的影响。首先从三个方面解释了人民币汇率升值的原因,其次从四个方面重点分析了人民币汇率升值对我国经济的影响,最后提出了应对人民币汇率升值的政策建议。     

人民币升值对农产品进出口影响的实证分析

在我国经济快速增长的过程中,人民币汇率面临不断升值的压力.根据弹性分析理论,在符合"马歇尔-勒纳"的条件时,汇率升值会有利于促进进口,抑制出口.本文通过构建计量经济模型,对2007年至2012年的中国农产品进出口与人民币汇率之间的关系进行了实证分析.结果表明,人民币汇率升值对中国农产品出口没有造成显著的抑制作用.人民币对美元汇率对我国农产品进口有显著影响.最后,在此基础上对实证结果作出了分析并给出了相应的政策建议.     

关于人民币汇率的政策取向问题

亚洲金融危机爆发以后 ,在人民币汇率政策取向上存在着两种截然不同的观点 ,一种是人民币汇率应贬值的观点 :一种是人民币汇率应保持稳定的观点 ,我国加入WTO(世界贸易组织 )在即 ,人民币汇率的稳定将面临着巨大的压力 ,同时也对人民币汇率政策提出了新的要求。我国货币政策的最终目标是保持货币币值的稳定     

基于国际收支平衡的汇率机制模型

基于汇率决定学说中的国际收支平衡学说，遵循国内和国际商品生产最大获利原则，构建了价格、边际生产成本、央行在外汇市场上的外汇买卖与汇率变动之间的汇率机制模型。借助于模型，分析在浮动和固定汇率机制下，如何保持国际收支平衡和避免汇率振荡，从而获得对人民币汇率机制的一些启示。     

我国人民币实际汇率变动对贸易的影响探析

在世界经济日益融合的今天,汇率对资源在全世界的配置起着十分重要的作用。本文在人民币汇率波动不断增加的背景下,以人民币汇率和我国进出口贸易的关系为切入点,分析人民币汇率对我国进出口贸易的影响,进而提出应对我国人民币实际汇率变动的策略。     

关于人民币汇率的政策取向问题

亚洲金融危机爆发以后，在人民币汇率政策取向上存在着两种截然不同的观点：一种是人民币汇率应贬值的观点，一种是人民币汇率应保持稳定的观点，我国加入ＷＴＯ（世界贸易组织）在即，人民币汇率的稳定将面临着巨大的压力，同时也对人民币汇率政策提出了新的要求。我国货币政策的最终目标是保持货币币值的稳定。     

人民币汇率形成机制完善及对策研究

针对我国2005年人民币汇率渐进改革实践中存在的突出问题,通过对人民币汇率形成机制及市场化效应进行分析,从微观及宏观视角探讨其问题产生的根源;并从汇率形成基础及交易机制的完善、产品创新、宏观管理方式改革等方面提出完善人民币汇率形成机制的对策,为增强人民币汇率灵活性,发挥汇率对国际收支的调节作用,促进人民币国际化进程及经济的持续稳定发展提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.