果蝇培养效果的影响因子分析

针对实验室饲养的果蝇常出现发育迟缓、繁殖慢、生长周期长,以及因污染导致死亡等问题,对果蝇培养器具、培养基配方、培养温湿度等影响果蝇培养效果的因子进行了试验分析.结果显示:在17℃温度、相对湿度50%、配方A的条件是果蝇留种的最佳环境;17℃、相对湿度50%、配方C是染色体分析用果蝇的最佳培养环境;实验温度为23℃、相对湿度为50%、配方为B的条件为杂交实验和药用果蝇的最佳培养环境.     

稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究

 以稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,按不同配方配制了6种人工饲料分别用来饲养稻纵卷叶螟,以筛选出适合饲养稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲料。结果表明,在温度为24~26 ℃,相对湿度大于80%,光照条件大于14 h的条件下,其中饲料D、E、F饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫只能完成二龄发育,少数幼虫存活到三龄或三龄以上;饲料C饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫也只能完成三龄发育;而饲料A和B饲养的稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫能完成整个世代发育,存活率分别为26.17%和36.40%,接近对照组新鲜水稻叶饲养的存活率36.67%,且蛹质量和新鲜水稻叶饲养的幼虫没有显著差异,但与对照相比,幼虫历期延长4~6 d、化蛹率下降8%~9%、羽化率下降11%~12%。     

水温、光周期和饲料对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活和性腺发育的影响

采用正交设计法,探讨了水温、光周期和饲料组成3个因素对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活和性腺发育的影响,以期为人工繁殖提供理论指导.结果表明,各因素对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活率的影响大小为:水温饲料组成光周期,其最优水平分别为:水温22℃、光照周期16L: 8D、饲料为纯草鱼肉.以性腺成熟系数为指标,3个因素对雌虾性腺发育的影响大小为:饲料组成水温光周期,其最优水平分别为:饲料为纯草鱼肉、水温28℃、光照周期16L : 8D.根据本实验结果,综合考虑成活率和性腺发育情况,克氏原螯虾的亲虾培育可选择水温25～28℃之间、光照周期16L : 8D.饲料中多添加鱼肉等动物性饲料.同时还应注意减小饲养密度,以免发生同类残食的事件.     

稀有鮈鲫饲料营养及饲养技术的实验研究

目的探索稀有鮈鲫应用型配合饲料及相应的养殖技术,促进实验稀有鮈鲫的营养学标准化。方法在营养学需求的研究基础上,探索并验证适合稀有鮈鲫日常养殖的应用型配合饲料。通过生长实验和繁殖实验,筛选得到适宜的饲料配方;研究了温度、投喂频率、饲养密度等饲养策略对生长、性腺发育的影响。结果 25%~40%蛋白水平的配合饲料均可满足幼鱼快速生长需求,其中30%蛋白、6%脂肪、总能为12.5 kJ/g的投喂效果生长最好,同时,繁殖性能较高,可达到对照组的69.4%;亲鱼的产卵间隔随饲料蛋白水平的降低而延长;在18~24℃范围内,温度越高,生长越快,当温度超过28℃时,体质量反而有所下降;不同投喂频率下,最大生长均出现在24℃时;特定生长率随养殖密度升高呈明显下降的趋势,养殖密度为0.8尾/L时饲料利用率最高,1.6尾/缸组稍降低,但无显著差异。结论 30%蛋白、6%脂肪、总能为12.5 k J/g的配合饲料可满足稀有鮈鲫幼鱼的快速生长,且能使亲鱼能保持规律性繁殖,满足实验稀有鮈鲫传代和生产需要;过高或过低的温度对生长不利,投喂频率的增加不一定能促进生长和饲料利用;稀有鮈鲫幼鱼适宜的养殖温度为24~26℃,每天投喂2次;养殖密度对生长和性腺发育均有很大影响,适宜的养殖密度应不超过1.6尾/L。     

牦牛胎盘活性因子生物学效应的研究

通过在培养基中加入不同浓度的牦牛胎盘粉饲养果蝇,研究牦牛胎盘活性因子对果蝇繁殖力和体重的生物学效应.结果表明:①牦牛胎盘活性因子对提高果蝇的繁殖力有显著作用,当牦牛胎盘粉浓度为0.6%时效果最显著;②牦牛胎盘活性因子对果蝇体重有影响.培养在牦牛胎盘粉浓度为2.4%培养基中的雄果蝇体重与对照组有显著差异,而培养在浓度为0.2%培养基中的雌果蝇体重与浓度为0.6%、1.2%、2.4%培养基中的雌果蝇体重有显著差异.     

黄粉虫的生物学特性及养殖技术的研究

黄粉虫在福州自然室温下一年可繁殖2代,发育快的个体超过2代,发育慢的不足2代。在人工控制的温度、湿度、光照及食物等条件下试验结果表明:(1)卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为10.46℃、9.98℃、9.62℃和9.58℃;有效积温分别为123.57、1964.88、135.05和105.72日度;温度与发育的关系的数理统计模式分别是成虫产卵和幼虫发育的最高临界温度为34℃;(2)卵、幼虫、蛹的发育和成虫产卵量的最住湿度分别为RH75％、90％、和90％;(3)在连续光照下,成虫寿命缩短,产卵量减少;(4)幼虫和成虫的饲料均以糠、(?)为主。添加适量青饲料者显著加速幼虫生长和提高或虫产卵量。在养殖中,除控制上述条件外,各虫态的分群饲养和成虫的隔离产卵也是重要措施,并须注意粉螨对卵的危害。     

共生菌Wolbachia感染对果蝇适合度的影响

近年来的研究表明,Wolbachia会对多种昆虫的生殖和生长发育等产生影响,但对于果蝇的适合度影响研究较少.本研究比较黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster感染和未感染Wolbachia品系在产卵量、孵化率、发育历期、成虫寿命及生命期望值方面的差异.结果显示,Wolbachia感染显著降低了果蝇的产卵量(P0.000 1)、孵化率(P=0.018)、化蛹率(P0.000 1)、羽化率(P0.000 1)和成虫寿命(P0.000 1),导致幼虫的发育历期延长(P0.000 1),且卵期和I龄、Ⅱ龄和Ⅲ龄期幼虫生命期望值均降低.感染Wolbachia果蝇品系的相对适合度为0.688,表明Wolbachia感染对果蝇的生长发育和繁殖存在有害的影响.     

饲料对中国林蛙蝌蚪期生长发育的影响

在前人工作的基础上,分别用单纯植物性饲料、单纯动物性饲料和两者混合制成的饲料饲养中国林蛙蝌蚪,在发育的不同阶段对不同饲料饲养的蝌蚪的体长、体质量等项指标进行测定．发现饲料对中国林蛙蝌蚪的体长、体质量和发育速度都有影响,这对于人工养殖中国林蛙具有重要意义．     

As2O3与不同繁殖条件对果蝇发生量的交互影响

以野生型果蝇、黑檀体果蝇为实验动物，研究了不同浓度As2O3在不同温度、不同空间下对不同品系果蝇发生量的影响。实验共分4个处理浓度、2个培养温度，并重复3次。结果显示不同浓度的As2O3对不同品系的果蝇在不同温度、不同空间条件下的发生量的影响有异，表明不同浓度的As2O3对果蝇的发生量有一定的影响。     

无菌果蝇模型的改进与酵母促进果蝇发育

人等所有后生动物体内微生物数量多、种类复杂,给人们的研究带来了很多的困难,建立无菌和悉菌的动物模型则是当前急迫之需,无菌果蝇模型日益受到重视.本实验优化无菌果蝇模型,发现威露士可以协助次氯酸和乙醇消毒,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌杀灭效率为99.999%,提高表面消毒能力,卵存活率从50%左右提高到67.3%.从而高效率地建立果蝇悉菌模型.在此基础上研究酵母对该模型的影响,结果发现酵母能显著地促进无菌果蝇的生长与发育.在营养条件匮乏(0.5%酵母)情况下,常规饲养果蝇蛹和成虫羽化时间分别为6.0 d和11.7 d;无菌果蝇蛹和成虫羽化时间分别为7.8 d和18.9 d,说明共生微生物可以促进果蝇的发育.本研究优化了无菌果蝇操作过程,为实验室建立悉生果蝇模型提供了便利,有利于研究宿主与微生物之间相互作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.