抗松材线虫病赤松胚性愈伤组织的维持与稳定增殖

【目的】为了研究抗松材线虫病赤松体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生,进行了抗病赤松愈伤组织培养条件的优化。【方法】以抗松材线虫病赤松胚性愈伤组织22#-1和13#-1为材料,首先在体视镜下观察胚性与非胚性愈伤组织的细胞学形态差异,然后研究激素配比、基因型、继代方式和次数对愈伤组织增殖中形态上和生物量上的影响。【结果】抗病赤松愈伤组织可分为两类:一类为胚性愈伤组织,含有胚性胚柄细胞团(embryonic suspensor mass, ESM)结构,一类为非胚性愈伤组织; 胚性愈伤组织维持与增殖最佳的激素组合是2.0 mg/L 6-BA和4.0 mg/L NAA; 不同基因型的胚性愈伤组织的增殖状况存在差异,其中抗病赤松无性系22#-1胚性愈伤组织增殖较快,无性系13#-1增殖较慢,但差异不显著; 液-固与固体交替培养方式为抗病赤松胚性愈伤组织最适宜的继代增殖方式。【结论】不同的基因型增殖状况差异不显著,增殖过程应挑选胚性愈伤组织进行增殖,使用2.0 mg/L 6-BA和4.0 mg/L NAA激素配比的培养基,并采用液-固与固体交替的方式培养。     

抗松材线虫病马尾松体胚发生与植株再生条件的优化

【目的】为使抗松材线虫病马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)快速大规模繁殖,对抗性马尾松体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生条件进行优化。【方法】以抗病马尾松未成熟合子胚为材料,探讨胚性愈伤组织的诱导、增殖与维持、分化成熟以及萌发的合适培养条件,并对体细胞胚进行生根诱导,对再生植株进行壮苗培养以及驯化移栽。【结果】以LP为基本培养基,添加2.0 mg/L 2,4-D(二氯苯氧乙酸)和1.0 mg/L 6-BA(6-苄氨基腺嘌呤),抗性马尾松胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高达27.8%。在胚性愈伤组织增殖维持过程中,悬浮培养中的增殖系数和同步化程度都显著高于固体培养,且经过悬浮培养的细胞系分化能力更强。萌发过程中只有少量能顺利分化出根系,未能顺利分化出根的体胚于添加适量 IBA和 NAA的生根培养基中能够更好地生根。壮苗培养过程中,添加0.01 mg/L油菜素内酯有助于体胚苗的生长。体胚苗在驯化移栽时不同大小的苗移栽成活率相差较大,5 cm左右的体胚苗成活率最高达90.3%。【结论】生长素2,4-D和6-BA组合(2.0 mg/L和1.0 mg/L)对抗性马尾松胚性愈伤组织诱导率较好; 悬浮培养后的细胞系更利于诱导体胚,适宜浓度的IBA和NAA(1.0 mg/L和0.2 mg/L)能够促进体胚苗根系生长。在壮苗培养基中添加适量油菜素内酯能够促进抗性马尾松再生植株的生长,待苗长至5 cm左右移栽较好。     

柳杉种子合子胚的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

为探索柳杉种子合子胚的愈伤组织诱导技术,选取柳杉4个家系,采集其尚未完全成熟的种子进行愈伤组织的诱导,并经器官发生再生途径得到再生植株。利用6-BA、2,4-D等激素种类及其浓度的正交设计,研究各因素及其交互作用对柳杉种子合子胚愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果发现:柳杉4个家系的愈伤组织诱导量在8月中旬采种时呈明显上升,至8月底时各家系的子叶胚愈伤诱导率达到最高,其中57号家系愈伤诱导率最高,达92%。柳杉4个家系,在不同激素组合中愈伤诱导率存在着一定的差异。其中57号家系子叶胚在DCR+6-BA1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L培养时,愈伤组织诱导率达到最高,且诱导出来的愈伤组织状态为白色、干燥、无针状突起,结构紧密。愈伤组织在DCR培养基上成功获得再生植株。     

沙枣叶片愈伤组织诱导研究初报

以沙枣叶片作为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,用两种不同浓度激素的组合,筛选5组培养基进行继代愈伤组织及增殖诱导.结果表明,沙枣叶片诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 1 mg/L kT1 mg/L 2,4-D 2 mL 25 g蔗糖 6 g琼脂(pH=5.5),诱导率达86.67%;以MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L kT1 mg/L 2,4-D 2 mL 25 g蔗糖 6 g琼脂(pH=5.5)作为愈伤组织增殖培养较理想.     

益母草试管苗愈伤组织培养及其生物碱含量的测定

以种子萌发的试管苗叶片为外植体,采用正交试验探究了其愈伤组织的形成,并测定了其生物碱含量。结果表明:1.5 mg/L 6-BA利于种子萌发,其萌发率最高达26.39%;叶片愈伤组织诱导适宜培养基组合为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+20 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂,诱导率可达80.00%;适宜愈伤组织增殖激素组合为2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L 2,4-D,增殖率可达88.05%,但各激素组合对愈伤组织生物碱的含量并无显著性差异。     

山苍子带芽茎段的组织培养

以山苍子(Litseacubeba)带芽茎段作为外植体进行组织培养实验。实验以MS为基本培养基,按不同比例添加激素,配制成3种培养基:MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L,MS培养基作为空白对照,在暗培养和光照培养条件下进行愈伤组织和芽的诱导分化。结果显示:MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L为诱导愈伤组织的最好培养基,诱导率最高,达55.6%;MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L为最好的萌芽培养基,萌芽率最高,达60%;MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA3.0mg/L为最好的丛生芽增殖培养基,增殖系数达8±1.4。     

西洋参组织培养及愈伤组织中人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1含量分析

用西洋参(Panax quinquefolium L.)根作为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导,通过不同的培养基和激素配比实验,发现2.0mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 6-BA适合西洋参愈伤组织的诱导,愈伤组织在MS 2.0mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 6-BA培养基上生长较快,而在NB 2.0mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 6-BA培养基上细胞培养物中人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1含量较高,分别占干重的1.40%和0.24%.     

前胡组织培养和细胞悬浮培养中胚状体发生及植株再生

前胡的种子幼苗切段在含有1mg/l2,4-D的(1/2)MS 固体培养基(大量元素减半)上,诱导产生愈伤组织。诱导两个半月的愈伤组织,在含有1mg/l6-BA+0.5mg/lIBA 或无激素的(1/2)MS 固体培养基上,分化出胚状体,再生成完整植株。愈伤组织在液体培养基中振荡分散及过滤制备成悬浮培养物,在含1mg/l2,4-D的液体培养基中,胚性细胞不断增殖。转移至含有0.05mg/l 2,4-D+0.05mg/l 6-BA 的(1/2)MS 液体培养基中,分化出胚状体,发育成完整植株。     

水稻佳辐占成熟种胚培养及其悬浮细胞系的建立

以优质早籼稻佳辐占成熟种胚为材料,研究外植体大小、激素对成熟种胚愈伤组织诱导率的影响,并高频快速建立起水稻胚性悬浮系.结果表明在外植体较大并只添加2,4-D一种激素时,就可获得较高的愈伤组织诱导率,2,4-D浓度为1.5 mg/L时,诱导率达95%;浓度为2 mg/L时,诱导率可达100%.佳辐占成熟种胚组织培养最佳的条件为适当大小的外植体和添加浓度为2 mg/L 2,4-D.以4周龄的胚性愈伤组织为材料可高频快速建立起均质、分散性好的水稻胚性悬浮系,5周龄以上的胚性愈伤组织较难建立起水稻胚性悬浮系.     

粳稻成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及其分化培养体系的建立

为了促进新型高产水稻品种的抗病性,以粳稻成熟胚为外植体,通过诱导培养基、继代培养条件、分化培养路线、光照强度和蔗糖浓度的优化,建立了适合新稻18和豫粳6号的高效再生体系.结果表明:选择适宜的培养基是提高愈伤组织诱导率及愈伤组织质量的基础.新稻18和豫粳6号的水稻成熟胚诱导愈伤组织的培养基分别为MB1(MSB5+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L+ABA 1 mg/L)和MB2(MSB5+2,4-D 3 mg/L+6-BA 1mg/L+ABA 0.5 mg/L),愈伤诱导率分别达95.24%和91.07%;愈伤组织剥离后的继代培养基为MB3(MSB5+2,4-D 3.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L);愈伤组织的分化培养路线为三步分化法MSD0/N6B5D0→N6B5D2→MSD0,适宜的分化培养温度为33℃,光照强度为43.75μmol.m-2.s-1.新稻18和豫粳6号的愈伤分化率最高分别达到99.3%和83.33%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-