双尺度二阶矩两相湍流模型及其应用

基于将颗粒脉动分成湍流引起的大尺度脉动和颗粒间碰撞产生的小尺度脉动的概念,用统一的方法处理两类脉动,建立了稠密两相流动的双尺度二阶矩两相湍流模型。用该模型对下行床内稠密两相流动进行了数值模拟。模拟结果和实验结果符合,和考虑碰撞的单尺度二阶矩湍流模型的结果接近,比其有一定程度的改进。结果表明,由于颗粒的碰撞,小尺度脉动也呈一定程度的各向异性,而且小尺度脉动和大尺度脉动在大部分区域内减小,而在接近壁面处增大。     

Texaco气流床煤气化炉内气固两相流动的数值模拟

应用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法对国内某工厂实际运行的Texaco气流床煤气化炉内气固两相流动进行了模拟.采用Realizable k-ε模型计算炉内复杂气体湍流运动,应用颗粒轨道模型追踪煤粉颗粒在湍流气流中的运动轨迹.通过数值计算取得了炉内气相速度矢量、颗粒运动轨迹、颗粒碰撞壁面并沉积于壁面的沉积通量和颗粒在炉内的停留时间分布.揭示了该气化炉的气固两相流动特性,并分析了运行工况对壁面沉积通量分布的影响规律.结果表明:气化炉内的气体流场存在回流,回流延长了颗粒在气化炉内的停留时间,颗粒沉积通量最大的位置为筒体段下部和锥体段上部; 绝大部分颗粒在气化炉内的停留时间在5 s以内,气体流量降低时颗粒在炉内的停留时间减少.     

多喷嘴对置式煤气化炉内气固两相流动及壁面沉积

对我国具有自主知识产权的多喷嘴对置式煤气化炉内的气固两相流进行了数值模拟分析.在合理简化和假设基础上建立了基于Eulerian-Lagrangian模拟方法的炉内气固两相流动模型,采用Realizable k-ε模型描述炉内复杂气相湍流运动,应用颗粒轨道模型随机追踪煤粉颗粒在湍流气流中的运动.通过数值计算获得了炉内气固两相的速度矢量、颗粒分布、颗粒运动轨迹,以及颗粒碰撞并沉积于壁面的通量分布.揭示了该型气流床煤气化炉内气固两相流动特征,并分析了入口速度和炉体上部高度对气固两相流动和颗粒在壁面沉积的影响规律.结果表明:对撞流显著增强炉内气固流动湍动,强化气固相互作用,并使煤粉颗粒在炉内有效分散,有利于化学反应高效进行;在喷嘴入口及顶部的壁面处颗粒沉积率较大.     

湍流分离流中颗粒的扩散机制

后台阶流动包含分离流重要的流动特性, 采取欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法对后台阶分离流动中颗粒扩散运动进行数值研究. 气相场采取大涡模拟方法, 亚格子模式基于标准的Smagorinsky 模式, 颗粒相运动采取轨道法模拟. 计算所得气相的流向平均速度和平均脉动速度与实验结果吻合较好, 验证了模型和方法的正确性. 基于此, 数值分析后台阶两相流动的特性以及流场涡结构的发展和演化过程. 结果表明: 两相流中颗粒的扩散特性既受到颗粒粒径的影响, 又与颗粒和涡结构的相互作用时间有关. 后台阶流场中增加结构物时, 流场涡结构发生变化, 即与扰动源保持一定距离后, 涡数量增多, 流场中颗粒分布不均匀, 较多颗粒聚集在涡的外缘.     

气粒湍流流动中考虑重力时颗粒的扩散

对气固两相后台阶流动,利用大涡模拟方法模拟气相场,轨道法模拟颗粒相运动。计算中气相亚格子模式(SGS)采用了标准的Smagorinsky模式。不考虑重力条件,研究了不同入口滑移条件下颗粒的扩散行为,表明颗粒扩散行为与连续相大涡运动行为存在差异。在此基础上深入研究了考虑重力条件时颗粒在流场中的扩散行为。该文工作为在细观框架下进一步研究气固两相相互作用奠定了基础。     

考虑颗粒尾涡效应的二阶矩两相湍流模型

将作者曾提出的颗粒尾涡增强气体湍流模型加入到二阶矩-颗粒动力论两相湍流模型中,建立了新的考虑尾涡效应的二阶矩两相湍流模型,并对水平槽道、旋流突扩室和下行床内的两相流动进行了模拟.对水平槽道和旋流突扩室内稀相两相流动的模拟结果表明：与实验数据对照,新模型比没有考虑颗粒尾涡影响的模型有一定程度的改进,颗粒尾涡效应确实增大了气体湍流;在下行床内的稠密两相流动中,由于两相之间的相互作用比较明显,颗粒尾涡不仅增大了气体脉动,而且也增大了颗粒脉动.     

基于DDPM的螺旋离心泵磨蚀特性分析

应用雷诺涡黏模型、DDPM(density discrete phase model,稠密离散相模型)及颗粒直径Rosin-Rammler分布方法,以黄河含沙水为介质,对一台100LN-7型螺旋离心泵内固液两相流动进行全三维数值模拟,并与基于Mixture混合多项流模型的泵内两相流动数值模拟结果进行对比分析,得到不同粒径和固相体积分数对应的泵过流部件的磨蚀规律及磨蚀强度.结果表明:颗粒混合状态不同会形成不同的粒径分布,混合粒径中平均粒径增大导致叶片进口边及工作面轮缘线附近磨蚀强度增大,平均粒径为1mm时整台泵过流部件磨蚀率达到最大值,平均粒径继续增大磨蚀率反而降低;固相体积分数的增大使整台泵过流部件的磨蚀强度显著提高,叶片背面较其他部位磨蚀强度大;Mixture模型下固相体积分数较高部位与稠密离散相模型下颗粒磨蚀部位相对应,局部区域存在较高体积分数的固相颗粒增加了过流部件表面发生磨蚀的几率,但DDPM模型数值模拟表明只有部分颗粒参与局部区域的塑性磨蚀.     

用颗粒相双尺度二阶矩湍流模型模拟突扩两相流动

基于将颗粒脉动分成湍流引起的大尺度脉动和颗粒间碰撞产生的小尺度脉动的概念，应用单相流动多尺度湍流模型方法，从双流体模型出发，推导和封闭了颗粒的双尺度脉动雷诺应力方程、大尺度脉动能量传递率方程、小尺度脉动耗散率方程和两相脉动关联方程，用统一的湍流模型方法构造了包含颗粒两类脉动的新的颗粒双尺度二阶矩两相湍流模型．用该模型对突扩管内的两相流动进行了数值模拟，并和单尺度的二阶矩两相湍流模型进行了比较，计算结果和实验数据吻合较好，比单尺度的二阶矩两相湍流模型的计算结果有所改进．     

计及颗粒间碰撞的湍流气固两相流模型及验证

针对较高浓度的气固两相流动，提出了一种新的结合Ｅｕｌｅｒ方法与Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法的理论模型，该模型运用分子运动谕论模拟了固体颗粒间的相互碰撞其计算结果较好地与实验结果相吻合，证实了该模型的合理性，为高浓度气固两相流动的研究提供了新的方法。     

循环流化床内颗粒团运动的研究模型

颗粒团运动是循环流化床中气固两相流动的重要特征之一。本文描述了一种循环流化床内颗粒团运动的研究模型,给出了该模型中颗粒团的基本概念及其相关的物理模型与数学模型,对单颗粒及颗粒团的碰撞、破碎、粘附等过程对颗粒团运动的影响进行了初步的理论研究及数值假定,提出了基于轨道模型上的用于研究颗粒团运动的数值计算方法及计算过程,为全面研究颗粒团现象奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-