基于LEACH协议的链式簇头节能路由算法

根据LEACH协议提出一种改进的路由算法,利用能量和距离参数对簇头进行成链创建,既减轻了负载过重簇头节点的负担,又减少了能量消耗。通过MATLAB仿真实验验证,新算法比LEACH算法更加节约能量,同时延长了网络生命周期,提高了网络寿命。     

基于全局信息的LEACH协议改进算法

传统LEACH协议在选举簇头节点时,采用动态簇头选举算法,每轮选举产生簇头节点个数为最佳簇头数的概率并不是最大,使得每轮选举的簇头数偏差较大,不能使节点能量达到最优化.针对这一问题,提出了改进的LEACH-P协议,该协议在簇头选举阶段通过簇头节点间的相互协作,以少量的能量消耗来获取全局信息,消除了LEACH协议簇头选举算法的盲目性,从而改善簇头选举算法.实验结果表明,LEACH-P协议相比传统LEACH协议有效地节省了节点能量,延长了网络生命周期.     

基于能量优化分簇的WSN路由协议

针对无线传感器网络的特点,在LEACH协议的基础上,提出一种新的能量优化分簇路由算法。该算法使用能量因子修正了LEACH协议中的阈值,产生簇头;再选取距离最近的两个节点形成节点对,选择能量高的节点采集发送数据,采集的数据最后通过簇头融合提交给基站,从而减少了节点的能量消耗。MTLAB仿真结果显示该协议有效延长网络的稳定期。     

基于LEACH协议簇头定位算法研究

无线传感器网络能量消耗受簇头选择的影响很大,能耗对网络寿命起着至关重要的作用。在LEACH协议基础上,针对该协议的缺点,在保证网络簇头节点覆盖最大化基础上,对簇头位置选择边缘化及密度进行优化,提出一种新的分簇方法。仿真结果表明,改进后的LEACH协议,降低了网络的能耗、增加了数据发送的总量、延迟了网络的寿命,是一种比较有效的分簇算法。     

基于能量均衡策略的无线传感器网络LEACH协议改进

在原有的LEACH协议分簇算法的基础上,针对无线传感器网络中节点分布不均匀的情况,以节点的剩余能量与节点到基站的距离相结合来改进其阈值,作为节点成为簇首的随机数值的调整权值,改进其LEACH协议分簇算法。仿真实验结果表明,该改进的算法有效地均衡了节点的能量消耗,可以显著地延长网络的寿命周期。     

分簇水声传感器网络簇头选举算法优化

针对水声传感器网络分簇协议中簇头数量自由度高以及分布不均所导致能量消耗过多的缺陷,提出一种基于优化分簇的、能耗均匀的分布式LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)协议。改进分布式簇头选择机制,每轮中簇头选举由一次选举改为多次选举,引入最优成簇规模控制策略,实现簇头节点的位置分布优化,提高簇头数目稳定性,实现均衡网络能量。仿真结果表明,该改进LEACH协议能解决水声传感器网络分簇协议存在的能量问题,使网络的能量消耗更加均匀,并在一定程度上延长网络的生存期限。     

无线传感器网络LEACH协议改进与仿真研究

针对无线传感器网络中传统皿qCH协议在分簇机制及数据通信方面的不足,在LEACH协议基础上提出一种改进协议．新协议在簇头的选取方面考虑到节点的剩余能量这一因素,同时对簇头选取阈值进行修正．在簇头,与基站通信中综合考虑距离和节点剩余能量等因素并采取单多跳并存的通信方式．实验结果表明,改进后的协议较原LEACH具有更好网络生命周期,突出表现在距离基站较远的无线传感器网络中．     

基于最优簇头数的LEACH改进算法研究

在LEACH协议的基础上，计算出最优簇头数，并使用数学期望值法计算得到簇头节点与普通节点之间最佳距离。仿真结果表明，改进后的LEACH协议降低了网络能耗，增长了网络存活时间，增加了数据发送总量。     

无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议的簇头多跳算法

针对无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议簇头分布不均匀、网络拓扑和能量消耗不均衡的问题,提出基于DCHS簇头选择策略的无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议的簇头多跳算法LEACH-MUL。该算法在非簇头节点中选择一个节点作为通信簇头节点,其它簇头节点进行融合后的数据发送到该簇头节点并进行数据再次融合,最后通信簇头节点将数据融合后的结果数据发送到基站BS。LEACH-MUL算法能够有效地均衡节点能耗,提高能量利用率,延长网络寿命。     

基于簇头距离和能量的优化LEACH协议

LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierachy)路由协议通过循环随机选举簇头节点的方式均衡网络能耗.但当选簇头的节点能量剩余较少或距离基站较远时会过早死亡,从而导致网络运行不稳定,通过在簇头选择过程中加入待选簇头节点的剩余能量平均值及标准差、节点与基站距离等参数对其改进处理,可提高网络稳定性.但若出现极大簇或极小簇,则会导致网络生命周期缩短.针对这一问题提出一种基于簇头距离和能量的优化LEACH算法,在成簇过程中加入簇头节点的能量和节点距各簇头的距离等参考量对成簇过程进行优化.MATLAB仿真结果表明,在节点均匀分布的网络中,该改进算法能够在提高网络稳定性的基础上有效延长网络生存周期.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.