土壤水分含量对■草草坪生理生态特征影响的研究

在2012年6-9月期间,以草地早熟禾草坪为对照,研究了3种土壤水分含量对■草草坪生态生理特征的影响,结论如下:1)■草最大草群高度低于20cm,平均分蘖数为63个/株,草屑量和根系量分别为草地早熟禾草坪的75.06%和58.54%,表现出明显的低高度、密丛生和对土壤营养物质低消耗的特点;2)同一水分处理下■草叶片含水量、游离脯氨酸含量都分别低于草地早熟禾,■草日均蒸腾速率是草地早熟禾的75.16%,日均水分利用率为草地早熟禾1.32倍,■草草坪群落日平均蒸散率比草地早熟禾草坪低24%左右;3)40%FC处理下■草草坪的株高、分蘖数、盖度、地下生物量都分别显著低于60%FC和80%FC水分处理,但各个生理指标在三个水分处理间均没有显著差异.     

春季放牧强度对祁连山区青海草地早熟禾人工草地牧草生长的影响

为研究春季放牧对黑土滩人工草地的影响,于2018年春夏季节对祁连山区利用青海草地早熟禾建植的黑土滩人工草地进行了模拟放牧强度(刈割率)试验研究,以放牧强度(刈割率)为主要因素,进行了刈割率为0,30%,50%,70%和90%的5级模拟放牧强度(刈割率)研究。结果表明:随着春季模拟放牧刈割强度(刈割率)的增加,牧草的盖度、高度、牧草产量和种子产量逐渐减少,放牧强度(刈割率)为90%时,青海草地早熟禾的盖度、高度、牧草产量和种子产量分别减少了40. 5%,66. 1%,63. 0%和98. 3%,放牧强度(刈割率)为30%时对人工草地的影响不显著。春季休牧(未刈割)和放牧强度(刈割率)为30%时不影响黑土滩人工草地牧草的后期生长发育,而返青期过度放牧利用会引起黑土滩人工草地的快速退化。     

不同草种在磷石膏基质中生长适应性

为了解决磷石膏堆场植被恢复过程中草种的优选,在磷石膏基质中种植一年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、草地早熟禾、百喜草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶等6种草种,采用发芽势、发芽率、出苗时间、平均株高、绿期、分蘖率和成活率评定各草种对磷石膏基质的生长适应性。结果表明:一年生黑麦草和多年生黑麦草和紫花苜蓿的发芽能力、出苗时间、平均株高、绿期、分蘖率和成活率均优于草地早熟禾、紫花苜蓿、百喜草和白三叶,并达到显著性差异水平(P0.05),说明一年生黑麦草和多年生黑麦草对磷石膏的适应性比紫花苜蓿、白三叶、早熟禾和百喜草强。该结果对磷石膏堆场植被恢复中草种的选用具有参考价值。     

干旱荒漠区观赏性草坪的建植管理技术试验

经过试验,总结出了一套适合在干旱荒漠区种植观赏性草坪的建植管理技术.干旱荒漠区选择草地早熟禾占70％、多年生黑麦草占10％、高羊茅占20％共15个品种,以18g/m2的播种量混播下种,播种后坪床用细沙覆盖0.3～0.5cm,苗前和苗期喷灌浇水,加强抚育管理,建坪当年其品质评定指标可达到5级,且青绿期长,翌年返青早,观赏...     

无土草坪草根系生长状况的测定与探析

用无土栽培的方式种植草坪,通过对多年生黑麦草(Lolium paenne L.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)、紫羊茅(Festucarubia L.)、草地早熟禾(Poapratensis L.)四种草的根系生长速度的测定。得知,多年生黑麦草>高羊茅>紫羊茅>草地早熟禾。但多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和紫羊茅属弱根茎丛生草,结网抗拉能力差。草地早熟禾生长虽慢,但有根茎,结网抗拉能力强,但成网所需时间较长。因此,要达到一个理想的效果,应采用不同草种按一定比例混播。     

延长结缕草草坪绿期的研究

为探讨延长结缕草草坪绿期,分别进行了刈剪、火烧和施肥试验.结果表明,刈剪和火烧分别使结缕草草坪提前返青44天和28天,秋季施肥可延长绿期13天.     

烯效唑与钙、铁离子复合应用对早熟禾抗旱性的影响

研究了烯效唑(10、20、50、100、150 mg/L)与FeSO4 50 mg/L和CaCO3 20 mg/L复合应用,叶面喷施处理草地早熟禾对几种抗旱相关生理指标的影响.结果表明,烯效唑复合制剂能有效提高干旱胁迫下早熟禾叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量,可减少膜脂过氧化物MDA的含量,降低质膜透性,从而提高了草坪草的抗旱性,增加了观赏价值.     

黄河中下游流域的草坪

通过多年栽培与管理的实践检验，黄河中下游流域比较好的草坪植物有：天堂草、匍匐剪股颖、黑麦草、草地早熟禾、野牛草、高羊茅等。     

上海地区冷季型草坪主要病害鉴定及防治策略

研究调查了上海地区高羊茅，草地早熟禾，多年生黑麦草，葡匐剪股颖等主要冷季型草坪草病害发生情况。鉴定出８种主要病害，其中早熟禾枯萎病，黑麦草和高羊 在部分草坪上发生严重，翦股颖上没发现严重病害。针对上海地区的具体情况和国际上草坪病害研究的新进展，提出了冷季型草坪草病害的综合防治策略；     

复盐胁迫对2种虉草苗期生长的影响

用不同浓度的中性盐和碱性盐对虉草新品系（Phalaris arundinacea L.New strain）和川草3号虉草（Phalaris arundinacea L.Chuan cao No.3）幼苗进行21 d的处理,测定株高、地上生物量、地下生物量、枯叶率和分蘖率,探讨复盐胁迫对2种虉草苗期生长的影响.结果表明,在盐浓度50 mmol/L时,虉草地上生物量、地下生物量和分蘖率最大;当盐浓度超过50 mmol/L时,随着盐浓度增加,生物量和分蘖率均呈现递降的趋势,而枯叶率递增;盐浓度与株高生长速度呈明显的负效应;在等盐浓度的中性盐胁迫下,新品系地下生物量大于地上生物量,而在碱性盐胁迫下,前者小于后者.表明低浓度的盐胁迫对虉草生物量积累和分蘖具有一定的促进作用;虉草对碱性盐胁迫更敏感.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to