一种用于大剂量常规监测的玻璃剂量计

本文报告了一种用于常规辐射加工的商用玻璃剂量计,并研究了不同的剂量、剂量率、温度、湿度以及厚度和光照对~(60)Coγ辐射吸收剂量响应的影响。该剂量计量程为0.2-40KGy,其中3-40KGy范围内精度为±3％,在0.06-2.4KGy·h~(-1)范围内,其响应与剂量率无关。在50℃以下没有发现响应有明显的温度依赖性。在湿度上从比较干燥开始直至浸水中辐照未见湿度依赖性。在1000W碘钨灯直射下也未见响应有明显的差异。该剂量计价廉、易得、操作方便,可作为辐射加工领域的剂量质量控制的常规剂量计。     

丙氨酸—ESR剂量计剂量学基本特性的研究

研究了丙氨酸-ESR 剂量计剂量学基本特性,以及剂量计元件的制备工艺.在0.1～10kGy 的剂量范围内有良好的线性响应,ESR 信号主峰幅值与相应剂量之间线性相关系数大于0.9999.为了提高测量精度,设计一种装置,使样品管位置下端固定,剂量计元件信号幅值的单次测量相对偏差从±1.1%改善到±0.45%.修正了 ESR 波谱仪增益系数之间的线性关系.对1kGy一组剂量计元件信号幅值分散性进行了检验,其相对标准偏差为±0.55%.剂量计元件辐照温度响应值的校正系数为0.20%±0.02%℃~(-1).吸收剂量在1.1kGy 点的总不确定度小于4.5%.     

Monte Carlo方法在载人航天辐射安全性评价中的应用

为了评价航天员在外层空间的辐射危害,建立了载人航天辐射安全评价体系,该体系用于航天员个人剂量预估及辐射危害评价。该文利用Monte Carlo应用程序GEANT 4,结合计算机化的三维人体模型,模拟质子在空间的各向同性条件,估算了单能质子造成航天员11个辐射敏感器官的吸收剂量值;并且利用某次神舟飞船所测得的质子各能量段注量数据,估算了此次飞行中各辐射敏感器官的剂量,其中皮肤剂量与飞船上所用的L iF剂量计所测得的剂量值拟合较好,与俄美所测量和计算值100~300μG y/d接近。     

~(60)Coγ辐射装置增源后剂量场最佳分布及剂量测定

在 60 Coγ辐射装置增源启用前 ,对源棒进行了合理排布 ,而获得辐射场最佳剂量分布。用砝码剂量仪和硫酸亚铁剂量计 ,准确测量了源到辐照位置的重复性和辐射场空间剂量率。剂量测试结果与国家计量院比对具有较好的一致性。     

~(60)Co-γ辐照装置高剂量场的标定

根据重新制作的重铬酸钾(银)剂量计,对γ射线辐射场进行测量。结果表明,剂量计测量重复性较好,相对偏差为2.35%。辐射场的角向和径向剂量呈均匀性分布,而垂直方向在一定高度范围内呈均匀性分布。     

OWG辐射变色剂量计测量方法的研究——751G型单光束分光光度计的应用

1 引言1981年美国Kronenberg和McLaughlin等首先使用辐射变色三苯甲基氰化物无色染料溶液和含氟塑料细管研制出0WG(0ptical Wave-Guide)辐射剂量计,1983年美国远西技术公司就批量生产5cm长的FWT—70 OWG辐射剂量计及与之配套的FWT-98专用读数计,使之迅速达到了实用化阶段。该剂量计的研制之所以能发展如此迅速,是由于其具有尺寸小、结构坚固、辐照前后存放稳定性好,操作使用方便,剂量复盖范围适中(10—10~4Gy),很适合于某些辐射加工领域尤其是食品辐射加工中的吸收剂量监测及质量控制。     

三种环境级γ剂量率仪的性能分析

便携式γ剂量率仪广泛用于天然环境、涉核设施、地质勘探等场所的γ辐射剂量率测量,也常用于医院医疗设备X射线和γ射线的辐射监测。本研究通过比较目前常用的三款周围剂量当量率仪FH40GNBR、6150ADb和RED-100的固有误差和能量响应,对它们的辐射探测性能进行了评估。     

用Monte Carlo方法设计X射线均整器

在以电子直线加速器为X射线源的工业CT和辐射治疗中,需要较均匀的X射线剂量率空间分布。利用MonteCarlo方法,设计了6MeV和9MeV的X射线均整器。对9MeV的X射线均整器进行了实验。实验结果表明:在距靶1m处测得均整后0°处的剂量率约为均整前的74%,7.5°处的剂量率约为0°处的69%。满足Varian标准。该均整器在满足平坦度要求的同时提高X射线剂量利用率,不经过打磨便可得到较好的均整结果。     

宁德核电厂外围环境γ辐射水平监测研究

该文介绍2013—2015年对宁德核电厂外围环境γ辐射计量水平的监测结果。监测结果表明,宁德核电厂周围环境连续监测系统测得的环境γ辐射剂量率总平均值为99.7nGy/h,略低于福州对照点测量值(110.3nGy/h)及核电运行前本底值(112.3nGy/h);50km范围内测得环境γ辐射剂量率(瞬时值扣除宇宙射线贡献)为73.4nGy/h,略高于对照点福州测量值(66.7nGy/h)及运行前本底值(70.8nGy/h);30km范围内环境γ辐射累积剂量率为104.8nGy/h,与福州对照点测量值(102.2nGy/h)及运行前本底值(100.0nGy/h)接近,均在本底范围内涨落。     

丙氨酸ESR剂量计的剂量特性

使用JES FEIXG ESR谱仪测量用γ-射线和电子束辐照过的丙氨酸的剂量响应曲线,研究其零剂量特性、探测下限、线性范围、饱和区域以及辐照和保存时环境条件的影响,并从微剂量学的角度研究其剂量响应,给出D_(37)特征剂量.     

Study on the flow injection micro-column pre-separation system coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of ecdysterone in traditional Chinese medicine

A flow injection (FI) micro-column system coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was proposed for the pre-separation and determination of active organic component (ecdysterone) in traditional Chinese medicine, Loulu. The factors influencing separation performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the contents of ecdysterone in Loulu were determined by HPLC system using MeOH-H₂O (40∶60,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5∼100 mg/L of ecdysterone concentrations. The detection limit of the analyte was 0.11 μmol/L (3σ) with a precision of 0.38% RSD (n=7,c=10.0 mg/L). The average recovery of the method was 98.7%. The proposed method has been applied to determine ecdysterone in practical samples, and the determined values by both external standard method and standard addition method were in good agreement. Compared to the traditional solid extraction method, the system proposed has the advantages of simple procedure, good reproducibility, minimum volume requirement, reduction of matrix interference and low contamination risk. Foundation item: Supported by Education Ministy Foundation for Chinese Returned Scholars and Nature Science Foundation of Hubei province (98J054). Biography: SHUAI Qin (1963-), famale, Ph.D. Candidate.     

Simultaneous in-situ determination of U-Pb age and trace elements in zircon by LA-ICP-MS in 20 μm spot size

Simultaneous in-situ determination of U-Pb ages and 20 trace elements of three international zircon standards （91500, GJ1 and TEMORA 1） and one laboratory zircon standard （SK10-2） separated from Cenozoic fine-grained gabbro was carried out on quadrupole ICP-MS equipped with 193 nm excimer laser in 20 μm spot size. The weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U ages of 91500, GJ1 and TEMORA 1 are 1064.4±4.8 Ma （2σ）, 603.2±2.4 Ma （2σ） and 418.2±2.4 Ma （2σ）, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSDs） of ^206Pb/^238U ages （2σ） are less than 2.2% for single measurements and 0.6% for weighted means. The obtained weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U ages of three standard zircons agree with the recommended values within 2σrerror. The weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U age of SK10-2 is 31.42=0.25 Ma （2σ） and the RSDs of ^206Pb/^238U ages （2σ） are between 2.4% and 5.7% for single measurements and less than 0.8% for weighted mean. The obtained weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U age is in good agreement with the age obtained by Yuan （2004）. Trace element concentrations of NIST612 and NIST614 obtained under the same LA-ICP-MS operating conditions agree with the recommended values within analytical error. The results indicate that it is possible to measure U-Pb age and trace elements simultaneously by LA-ICP-MS in a small spot size of 20μm.     

整形器对SHPB入射波形影响规律的定量研究

波形整形器是实现分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）实验恒应变率加载的重要手段之一,为研究整形器对入射波形的影响规律,本文以紫铜、黄铜、铝等软材料为研究对象,在37 mm霍普金森压杆（SHPB）设备上开展了整形器直径和厚度、撞击杆速度、长度等因素对入射波形状影响规律的实验研究,并结合数值模拟仿真研究与量纲分析,给出了入射波T₁和T₂拐点的量纲一应力、量纲一时间的定量表达式,T₁拐点的量纲一应力σ/σ*与量纲一参数Y/σ*,（d/D_b）2和h/L_b分别呈线性关系;T₂拐点的量纲一时间t/t*与量纲一参数h/L_b、Y/σ*都是呈线性关系的.      

基于银薄膜/荷叶SERS效应直接检测婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺

以天然荷叶为衬底,结合真空磁控溅射法沉积银薄膜,制备出了一种高效的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性基底.研究发现银/荷叶基底对婴儿配方奶粉中掺杂的三聚氰胺(MA)表现出良好的识别能力,而不需作额外的样品预处理.对掺杂不同浓度三聚氰胺的奶粉溶液进行定量分析,在5~50 mg/L质量浓度范围内获得了较好的线性关系(线性相关系数R20.99).根据3σ准则,检测极限估计为1 mg/L.此外,银/荷叶基底具有良好的均匀性和重复性(相对标准偏差为7.64%和10.54%).该方法对婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺的检测具有简单快速、成本低且无损等优点.     

Preconcentration of vanadium(V) on crosslinked chitosan and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method is proposed for the preconcentration of vanadium(V) with crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The adsorption rate of vanadium(V) by CCTS was 97% at pH 4.0, and vanadium(V) was eluted from crosslinked chitosan with 2 mL 2.0 mol·L⁻¹ chlorhydric acid and determined by GFAAS. The detection limit (3σ,n=7) for vanadium (V) was 4.8×10⁻¹²g and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) at concentration level of 2.6 μg·L⁻¹ is less than 3.6%. The method shows a good selectivity and high sensity, and it was applied to determination of vanadium(V) in oyster and water samples. The analytic recoveries are (97±5)%. Biography: Wu Wei (1975-), female, Master candidate, research direction: environmental & analytical chemistry.     

Isotope effect of the stereodynamics in the reactions F+HCl→HF+Cl and F+DCl→DF+Cl

Using a new ground-state ab initio potential energy surface reported by Deskevich et al., the product polarizations in the reactions F+HCl→HF+Cl and F+DCl→DF+Cl were studied by employing the quasi-classical trajectory method. At a collision energy of 10 kcal/mol, the four generalized polarization-dependent differential cross-sections (2π/σ)(dσ₀₀/dω _t ), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₀/dω _t ), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₂₊/dω _t ) and (2π/σ)(dσ₂₁₋/dω _t ) were calculated in the center-of-mass frame. The distribution of the angle between k and j′, P(θ _r ), the distribution of the dihedral angle denoting the k-k′-j′ correlation, P(φ _r ), and the angular distribution of the product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots P(θ _r , φ _r ) were also calculated. The evident influence of isotope substitution on the product polarization is revealed. This effect may result from the different mass factors of the two reactions.     

Application of Nanometer-Size Titanium Dioxide in Extreme-Trace V（Ⅴ） Analysis

0Introduction Vanadiumplaysanimportantroleinmodernindustry,es peciallyinsteelandchemicalindustry.Forinstance,itscompoundsarewidelyappliedintheproceduresofvitrioland petroleumchemicalmanufactureascatalyzers[14].Vanadium hasseveralvalences,butgenerallyitslowvalencesturnintohighoneseasilyinenvironment[5].BecauseV(Ⅴ)isthemost stableandpoisonousone,weoftenlayemphasisonitinenvi ronmentalpollutioncontrol.Vanadiumexistsinenvironmentalwaterwithextremelylowconcentration.Inseawateritscontentislessthan…     

一类包含σ紧空间和可分空间的拓扑空间

定义*σ紧空间的概念，讨论*σ紧空间的一些性质以及*σ紧性与*Lindelo(e)性。c，c，c与可分性之间的关系。结合点可数基讨论了一些空间的某些性质。     

In situ simultaneous determination of trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon and baddeleyite

This paper describes a combined method of simultaneously measuring U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes as well as trace elements in Phalaborwa baddeleyite and 91500, GJ-1, TEMORA-1 and SK10-2 zircons by means of Neptune MC-ICPMS and Agilent Q-ICPMS connected to a 193 nm excimer laser ablation system. Material ablated by laser was carried in different proportions into Q-ICPMS for U-Pb isotopic and trace elemental and MC-ICPMS for Lu-Hf isotopic compositions. Experiments indicate that different proportions of ablated material for the Q-ICPMS and MC-ICPMS （6：4, 5：5 and 4：6 respectively） do not show any bias for the zircon/baddeleyite U-Pb age, Lu-Hf isotope and trace elemental compositions within analytical errors. Using 40-60 μm spot size, the obtained U-Pb ages of Phalaborwa baddeleyite, 91500, GJ-1, TEMORA and SK10-2 zircons are 2065±15 （2σ, n=20）, 1063±6 （2σ, n=-19）, 613±6 （2σ, n=20）, 416±5 （2σ, n=20） and 32.6±0.5 （2σ, n=20） Ma, respectively. The ^176Hf/^177Hf ratios are 0.281231±24 （2SD, n=20）, 0.282310±35 （2SD, n=19）, 0.282028±34 （2SD, n=20）, 0.282687±34 （2SD, n=20） and 0.282752±53 （2SD, n=20）, respectively. The obtained trace elemental compositions are identical to the reference values. Therefore, this kind of technique makes it possible to simultaneously obtain the U-Pb age, Lu-Hf isotopes and trace elemental compositions of zircon and baddeleyite, which could be an important tool in solving problems in earth sciences.