二相UASB反应器处理碱法草浆黑液

采用二相ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理碱法草浆黑液,酸化相为８．８７Ｌ的普通升流式反应器,甲烷相为２８．７５Ｌ的ＵＡＳＢ反应器,系统温度（３５±１）℃,结果表明;当酸化要进水ＣＯＤ浓度为４．０７９３－９．１９８５ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,ＣＯＤ的负荷平均值为３８．８４ｋｇ．（ｍ＾３．ｄ）－１时,ＣＯＤ的总去除率为７２．７６％;系统对负荷的冲击有较强的耐受能力。     

微波和长春新碱对白血病细胞的体外净化研究

旨在研究一种较好的微波和长春新碱的联合方法,用于白血病细胞的体外净化．将微波和长春新碱分别单独以及联合作用于正常骨髓细胞ＨＬ６０、Ｕ９３７和Ｋ５６２细胞株,通过ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ和ｔＣＦＵ的测定来评价体外净化的效果．结果发现微波和长春新碱对ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ、ｔＣＦＵ存活率均表现出抑制作用,抑制程度呈现出功率相关性和浓度相关性;在一定范围内,微波和长春新碱对３种细胞株ｔＣＦＵ存活率的抑制显著大于ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;微波和长春新碱联合作用对３种细胞株的杀伤作用比单用长春新碱有显著性增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而不显著增加对ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ的抑制（Ｐ＞０．０５）．这一结果提示微波和长春新碱联合用于白血病细胞的体外净化能产生协同效应,值得进一步研究．     

接种密度对Vero细胞在微载体表面生长的影响

研究了接种密度对Ｖｅｒｏ细胞在微载体表面生长行为的影响,发现培养过程中所获得的细胞最高密度随接种密度的增加而有所提高,当细胞的表面接种密度高于１．０×１０＾５ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍｇＭＣ时,因贴壁后细胞扩展受到限制而不利于进入对数生长期。就整个Ｖｅｒｏ细胞培养过程,适宜的表面接种密度为３×１０＾－４－７×１０＾４ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍｇＭＣ,此时可以获得较高的比生长速率和细胞增殖倍数。     

微波和长春新碱和对白血病细胞的体外净化研究

旨在研究一种较好的微波和长春新碱的联合方法,用于白血病细胞的体外净化。将微波和长春新碱分别单独以及联合作用正常骨髓细胞ＨＬ６０、Ｕ９３７和Ｋ５６２细胞株,通过ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ和ｔＣＦＵ的测定来评价体外净化的效果。结果发现微波和长春新碱以ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ、ｔＣＦＵ存活率均表现出抑制作用,抑制程度呈现出功率相关性和浓度相关性;在一定范围内,微波和长春新碱对３种细胞株ｔＣＦＵ存活率的抑制显著大于ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ（Ｐ     

The Effects of Different Culture Systems on the Quality of Bovine In Vitro Fertilized Embryos

研究探讨了不同体外培养条件下牛体外受精胚胎的发育速度及囊胚细胞数，从而了解不同体外培养系统对牛体外受精胚胎质量的影响．实验一中将体外受精卵分别在ＳＯＦ＋牛输卵管上皮细胞（ＢＯＥＣ）和ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＢＯＥＣ两种培养系统内培养，在这两种培养条件下囊胚发育率分别为２２．２％和２１．２％，囊胚细胞数分别为１１３．３±５．０和９７．９±８．３，受精后第６～９ｄ的囊胚出现率分别为４０．１％ａ、３７．０％、１９．２％ｂ、２．７％和１３．５％ｃ、３２．７％、３６．５％ｄ、１７．３％（ａ＞ｃ，Ｐ＜０．０１，ｄ＞ｂ，Ｐ＜０．０５），表明牛体外受精卵在ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ中的发育速度快于在ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＢＯＥＣ中．实验二中将体外受精卵分别培养于ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ、ＳＯＦ＋牛卵丘细胞、ＳＯＦ＋ＢＳＡ三种培养系统中，结果囊胚发育率分别为３５．５％ｅ、２９．４％和２２．４％ｆ（ｅ＞ｆ，Ｐ＜０．０１），囊胚细胞数分别为１１７．３±８．０ｇ、９４．２±９．３和９０．２±９．４ｈ（ｇ＞ｈ，Ｐ＜０．０５）．实验三观察了体外受精胚胎在ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ培养条件下发育速度与囊胚细胞数的关系，结果第６～９ｄ的囊胚细胞数分别为１１０．８±１０．２ｉ、１２８．     

脐带血T淋巴细胞集落培养和亚群的关系

应用细胞培养和间接免疫荧光法测定脐带血，成人外周血，成人骨髓的Ｔ淋巴细胞集落形成情况及培养前后淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果表明：脐带血的ＣＦＵ－ＴＬ显低于成人外周血（Ｐ〈０．０１），略低地成人骨髓（Ｐ〈０．０５）；培养前脐带因的ＣＯ３、Ｃ含量均显低于成人外周血（Ｐ〈０．０１），成成人骨髓相近似。脐带血的ＣＤ８细胞含量与成人外周血和成人骨髓相似（Ｐ〈０．０５）；培养后的ＣＦＵ－ＴＬ中的ＣＴ３细胞含量     

定域超对称不可见轴子──一种可能的暗物质

提出了一个超对称ＳＵ（３）×ＳＵ（２）×Ｕ（１）模型，在此模型中强ＣＰ不守恒可以用ＳＦＳＺ机制消除．Ｕ（１）ｐＱ对称破坏的标度接近几何等级质量，所以轴子质量约为１０－５ｅＶ．轴子与物质的耦合非常弱且它的寿命足够长，因此此类轴子可以作为一种可能的暗物质．     

十二钨硅酸及其6DMF,8DMSO加合物的标准生成焓测定

通过一系列滴定量热测定，求得了２９８．１５Ｋ时十二钨硅酸及其６ＤＭＦ、８ＤＭＳＯ加合物的标准生成焓，其数值分别为－（１３．１４±０．０１）×１０＾３ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１、－（１３．６１±０．０１）×１０＾３ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１及－（１３．８６±０．０１）×１０＾３ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

产胞外木聚糖酶青霉菌发酵条件的正交设计试验

正交设计试验结果表明,青霉菌（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｓｐ．ｍ８） 胞外木聚糖酶活力达９２．９６ Ｕ／ｍＬ,合适的产酶发酵条件为：培养基（ｇ／Ｌ）,麦草粉４０,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ４．４４,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ １．０,ＭｇＳＯ４ ·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５,ＮａＣｌ０．３,Ｔｗｅｅｎ ８０ ３．０,ＣａＣＯ３ １．０;每亳升培养基接种２．０×１０５ 个孢子,２８ ℃,水浴振荡培养４ ｄ（１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ）。     

跨界原生质体融合产物细胞遗传物质整合过程中DNA含量变化

报导光合细菌球形红假单胞菌与酿酒酵母跨界原生质体融合的最初产物细胞Ｆ０和Ｆ０ａ在连续９６小时的培养过程中细胞ＤＮＡ含量的变化规律．酵母及光合细菌ＤＮＡ含量分别为（４．２１±０．０４）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ和（２．４４±０．１２）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ．Ｆ０培养２４小时ＤＮＡ含量为（１０．５±０．５９）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ，到培养９６小时为（５．３０±０．４０）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ，高于任一亲株；而Ｆ０ａ则从（１７．１±０．５９）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ降低至（９．２７±０．３７）×１０－８μｇ／ｃｅｌ，高于双亲ＤＮＡ含量之和．经统计学ｔ检验，融合产物ＤＮＡ含量与双亲ＤＮＡ含量均存在显著差异ｔ＞ｔ０．０１（１０）．本研究表明原生质体融合初期，遗传物质ＤＮＡ在整合过程中数量逐步降低后可达稳定水平，而其含量高于任一亲株细胞的基本规律．     

干细胞研究进展

由于干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的功能,使得人们用干细胞治疗多种疾病成为可能.就干细胞的研究概况、研究技术、干细胞技术的市场前景以及干细胞研究面临的问题等作一概述.     

干细胞及其应用

干细胞是当今细胞生物学乃至整个生命科学的主要热点之一，从干细胞的概念、生物学特性、分类等方面对干细胞进行了阐述，同时也对干细胞在移植治疗、克隆技术及转基因技术等方面的应用作了综述。     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cellsin vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright’s staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34⁺ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34^－CD38⁺. Wright’s staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells in vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright's staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34-CD38+. Wright's staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.     

干细胞工程的应用前景研究

近些年来干细胞的应用研究几乎涉及到所有生命科学和生物医学研究领域．由于干细胞能够自我更新和多向分化的生物学特性，使得干细胞工程在细胞的分化和胚胎发育、转基因动物和动物克隆、新型高效药物的开发和临床细胞治疗、组织工程等方面的研究中等有着广泛的应用前景，同时，作为一门新兴学科也面临着许多挑战．     

A microenvironment,rather than chemical,initiates the cardiomyogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells

To investigate the potential of cardiomyogenic differentiation of rat hone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), they were exposed to 5-azacytidine treatments (single/repeat) at varying concentrations (3, 5, 10μmol/L) and the fates of the cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and the reporter gene of enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) under the control of ventricular myosin light chain 2 (MLC2v) promoter. MSCs were also cocultured with cardiomyocytes for periods up to 16 days, and the expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin Ⅰ (Tn I) proteins was analyzed. After the induction with 5-azacytidine, neither spontaneously beating ceils nor myotubes were found; MHC and Tn I proteins were also undetectable and no ECFP-positive MSCs were detected. But when cocultured with cardiomyocytes, spontaneously contracting MSCs were observed and cardiac specific proteins could be detected. The results proved that the novel effects of 5-azacytldine on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs should be questioned and a direct intercellular communication with cardiomyocytes is necessary for MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes.     

间质干细胞来源、鉴定、可塑性和应用前景(综述)

间质干细胞(MSCs)存在于骨髓、肌肉、骨、软骨等部位，可分化为中胚层的细胞，如成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、成脂肪细胞等，亦可分化为内胚层、外胚层的细胞，如神经细胞、肝脏细胞、肾脏细胞等，同时由于来源广、易于分离扩增和基因转染，在临床、科研上有很大的潜在应用价值。     

胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化研究进展(综述)

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)在体外分化培养条件下可以分化出各种组织细胞，其中包括心肌细胞。ES细胞在体外向心肌细胞分化与体内完整胚胎心肌发育过程相符合。该细胞在体外分化过程中顺序表达心肌细胞特有结构蛋白和离子通道，如肌球蛋白轻链和重链、特异性肌动蛋白、电压依赖性Ca^2 通道、K^ 通道等。ES细胞分化来源的心肌细胞具有体内心肌细胞的生理学特点，如产生的动作电位、表现自发性收缩等。因此，ES细胞是研究心肌细胞发育分化机制及鉴定其关键基因的理想模型。     

用于“治疗性克隆”人胚胎干细胞研究面临的问题与可能的解决办法

利用培育的干细胞(SC)来实现组织再生和器官修复对于许多重大疾病如糖尿病、心脏疾病、老年性痴呆(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、神经损伤等的治疗具有重要意义,同时也是新药研发的重要工具.使用体细胞核转移技术(SCNT)克隆人类早期胚胎和提取干细胞,即所谓的"治疗性克隆"(Therapeutic cloning)技术,是目前进行干细胞个性化治疗的重要手段,具有广泛的临床应用前景.通过这种方法获得人胚胎干细胞的研究尚处于基础阶段,仍面临着许多有待解决的科学问题和技术挑战.在此主要就用于"治疗性克隆"人胚胎干细胞的研究进展做了简要综述,着重探讨了在该研究领域面临的主要困难,特别是在获得人成熟卵细胞方面,并提出了可能的解决办法.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向肝样细胞分化的研究进展

摘要: 由各种因素导致的重症肝病的终末治疗的最好手段一直是原位肝移植,但长期以来肝供体的缺乏和免疫排斥引起的一系列问题极大地限制了该手术的运用,同时,在肝脏相关药物的筛选中,原代肝细胞难于培养且易在培养过程中变异,而随着骨髓间充质干细胞研究的深入,越来越多的证据表明骨髓间充质干细胞具有向肝细胞分化的潜能。因此,骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化而成的肝样细胞在再生医疗和药物筛选领域具有较好的运用前景,本文就间充质干细胞的分离培养及其生物学特性,肝样细胞的诱导培养条件,生物学特性及其运用前景加以综述。