《大明一统志·西蕃》考论——兼谈西藏地方志在明代的发展

《大明一统志》是由明英宗朱祁镇令李贤等人主持编修一部一统志,其第89卷中的《西蕃》为记今西藏地区的专篇。该篇虽篇幅不大,内容较简,体例不全,但却具备了我国传统地方志的基本特征,可谓寄存于《大明一统志》中的一部西藏简志。更早成书的《寰宇通志》是《大明一统志》编修的主要参考,两书中的《吐蕃》专篇的体例、内容、篇幅基本一致,是明代西藏方志的姊妹篇。继唐代的《吐蕃图经》、宋初乐史所著《太平寰宇记·吐蕃》之后,明代编修的《寰宇通志·西蕃》和《大明一统志·西蕃》被确认为西藏方志,填补了元明时期西藏地方志的空白,为西藏地方志自唐代以来一直延续发展提供了强有力的证据,因而在西藏地方志源流发展史上具有重要意义。     

道光《拉萨厅志·杂记》的有关问题及作伪证据

李梦皋所撰道光《拉萨厅志》是清代西藏唯一的一部厅志,《中国地方志联合目录》等已著录.文章对民族文化宫抄本、中央民大抄本及几种版本进行比较,分析了道光《拉萨厅志·杂记》内容中存在的诸多问题.指出通过对《杂记》内容及资源来源的分析,可发现其作伪证据,证明其应为后人伪作.     

略评《洛阳市志》第15卷《白马寺·龙门石窟志》

洛阳白马寺和龙门石窟历来被中外学人，民众视为古都洛阳的两大瑰宝。该文认为，洛阳市地方志编纂委员会编撰的《洛阳市志》第１５卷的《白马寺志》、《龙门石窟志》以宏大的篇幅和翔实的资料全面而深入地展示，概括出两处胜迹的历史面貌与演变脉络；其撰修方法和体例既充分吸收、继承和发展前代修撰方志的优良传统，又带有鲜明的时代性、科学性，是迄今为止关于白马寺、龙门石窟的最为祥备的史志，具有重要的学术价值与实用收藏价值     

明正德《夔州府志》点校读补

本文以奉节县志办明代正德《夔州府志》点校本为对象,从文献整理的角度,对其中点校及排版等62处失误进行了详细剖析,以便为三峡方志的进一步整理和研究提供参考。     

论清乾隆彩绘《雅州府图》的军事地理价值

《雅州府图》不仅绘制了雅州府及其附近地区的山川、交通、关隘、津梁、渡口,而且对雅州府的钱谷、祠庙都有明确的记载,这些是《雅州府志》所附《雅安县舆图》所没有的,因而它对研究雅州府在平定大小金川叛乱战役上的战略地位有着十分重要的作用,是一幅军事地理价值极高的地图。对此,主要根据府图内容,着重从府城建设、后勤保障、交通邮政、山川形势、关隘险要五个方面论述《雅州府图》在军事地理方面的价值。     

区城自然地理发展的趋向

一、历史的回顾从地理学的形成和发展过程来说,区域(自然)地理是地理学最古老的分支学科。不论中外,流传至今的最古老的地理学著作,如我国的《山经》、《禹贡》,以及二十四史中的《地理志》、《河渠志》、《食货志》,历代各地编篡的地方志等书;外国流传的古代地理学著作,以希腊学者斯特拉波的《地理学》内容最丰富。所有这些著作,都是以区域     

乾隆《雅州府志》中的西藏篇目及其资料来源

1739年（乾隆四年）成书的《雅州府志》专设有西藏篇目，以记载清初西藏诸多方面的情况。实为“西藏简志”或“西藏小志”，是西藏最早的地方志之一。其资料来源主要取自《藏纪概》和有关档册。该资料有助于清代乾隆初期的藏史研究。     

张琴《莆田县志·方言志》考论

莆田末科进士张琴于民国期间编修《莆田县志》，该志中的“方言”内容，无人提及，其体例、方言学方面具有一定的学术价值，也存在一些缺陷。     

古夔州地望形胜与唐诗互证（上）

唐时夔州，自古即为形胜之地，诸如自帝山、赤甲山、白帝城、赤甲城、八阵图、滟预堆、瞿唐峡等等，随着历史的推进，及至唐代，山川形胜与人文景观早已高度地融会在一起，这使得无数的骚人墨客为之醉心不已。本文拟将有关古夔州地望形胜方面的历史文献资料与唐代诗歌进行互证，以进一步展现古夔州丰厚的人文积淀，同时亦为唐人夔州诗中所涉及到的相关内容提供必要的历史证明。     

《三州辑略》史学价值论析

《三州辑略》是清代较早的一部伊、西、庭地区通志,它在充分继承前人成果的基础上,在门类创新上也取得了诸多突破,在中国方志史上具有重要地位。是书编纂体例严谨,内容丰富,全面而真实的反映了清代中期伊、西、庭地区历史、沿革、兵制、官制、地理等诸多内容,对后世方志的编纂有着重要影响。《三州辑略》以其重要的学术价值和思想价值,应该引起学术界足够的重视。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-