1,1,1,2,3,3,3七氟丙烷(HFC-227ea)的输运物性

对 HFC- 2 2 7ea沿饱和线液相粘度和气相导热系数进行了实验研究。用改进型毛细管粘度计在 2 6 3.15～34 3.15 K的温度范围内沿饱和线实测了液相 HFC- 2 2 7ea粘度 ,实验结果的不确定度约在± 3%以内 ,并提供了相应的粘度与温度的方程式。作者还用瞬态热线法测得了温度从2 5 9.2 8～ 34 1.73K和压力从 81.5 9～ 12 89.76 k Pa的气相HFC- 2 2 7ea导热系数 ,其不确定度在± 1%以内 ,提供了HFC- 2 2 7ea气相区导热系数方程式 ,并外推确定了 HFC-2 2 7ea饱和气和稀薄气体的导热系数。这些输运物性数据和方程式的获得 ,为 HFC- 2 2 7ea的应用及环保制冷剂的开发提供了可靠的基础。     

采用PR方程的液相制冷剂摩擦理论黏度模型

在对14种制冷剂(R152a、R123、R141b、R11、R12、R125、R22、R32、R143a、R227ea、R236ea、R236fa、R245ca、R245fa)的液相黏度实验数据进行收集的基础上,将摩擦理论与工程上常用的PR方程相结合,建立了这14种制冷剂的液相黏度模型,并通过最小二乘法回归得到了模型中的各系数.结果表明,在拟合范围内,这14种制冷剂的稀薄气体黏度计算值与文献值的绝对平均偏差在1%以内,各制冷剂液相黏度计算值与实验值的绝对平均偏差在0.31%～1.92%之间,能够满足实际工程需要.     

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的热力性质

为获得不破坏臭氧层的环保工质的热物性数据 ,对HFC- 2 2 7ea的热力学性质进行了研究 ,精确测量了 2 43～375 K的饱和蒸气压 ,使用膨胀 -定容法测量了 2 78～ 377K,压力 0 .2 6～ 2 .6 MPa的 HFC- 2 2 7ea的气相 p VT性质 ,温度和压力测量的最大不确定度分别为± 10 m K和± 5 0 0 Pa。使用测量结果关联了 HFC- 2 2 7ea的蒸气压方程 ,导出了维里系数、饱和气相密度、饱和蒸发焓 ,并关联了截断维里型的状态方程用于再现 HFC- 2 2 7ea气相区的热力性质。     

PR状态方程+基团贡献模型预测CO2+HFC二元混合物的气液相平衡性质(英文)

由于良好的性能和环保性，CO₂+HFC二元混合物被认为是冷电联合循环系统中良好的替代工作流体。气液相平衡特性是计算混合物焓和熵的关键，这冷电联合循环系统的热力学分析至关重要。为了准确预测CO₂和HFC (R23,R32,R41,R125,R134a,R143a,R152a,R161,R227ea)二元混合物的气液平衡性质，本文建立了基于吉布斯自由能混合规则的群贡献模型(PR+MHV1+UNIFAC和PR+LCVM+UNIFAC)。通过CO₂和HFC制冷剂的气液相平衡实验获得了-CO₂、-烷烃、-CHF和-CHF3等基团之间的相互作用参数，这些基团参数对于预测其气液相平衡性质(压力和气相摩尔分数)至关重要。PR+LCVM+UNIFAC模型计算的AARDp值为5.53%,AADy1值为0.0132,PR+MHV1+UNIFAC模型的AARDp值和AADy1值分别为7.40%和0.0229。然而，对于CO₂+R32系统，PR+MHV+UNIFAC预测模型的预测精度较高，AARDp和A...     

三氟乙烷的气相音速测量与热力学性质研究

采用球型腔体声学共振法测量了新型制冷剂三氟乙烷(HFC143a)的气相音速,得到了压力在200～800kPa范围内,温度分别为293.61、302.96、313.19和323.18K时的4条等温线共28个音速数据.根据实验数据,由热力学关系式得到了HFC143a的理想气体比定压热容和第二音速维里系数等热力学性质,同时根据现有的高精度实验数据拟合了HFC143a的理想气体比热方程.温度、压力和气体音速测量的不确定度分别为±14mK、2.0kPa和±0.0037%.     

混合制冷剂R134a/R600a与矿物油互溶性的实验研究

对混合制冷剂R134a/R600a与矿物油组成的混合物,在气-液相平衡时的温度和压力进行了测量.在R600a的质量分数为8.7%～28.6%的范围内,对R134a/R600a组成的混合制冷剂与矿物油的互溶性进行了实验研究,得到了当矿物油与制冷剂完全溶解时,混合制冷剂/油的饱和温度-压力曲线.实验结果表明:矿物油在混合制冷剂中的溶解度只与它和R600a的质量比有关.随着矿物油与R600a质量比的增加,临界互溶温度逐渐上升;与无矿物油的混合制冷剂相比,矿物油与混合制冷剂互溶后,其饱和压力有所下降.     

HFC-227ea的MBWR状态方程

以文献提供的大量精确P订实验数据为基础，拟合了制冷工质七氟丙烷HFC-227ea的modified benedict—webb-rubin（MBWR）状态方程，给出了32个参数值．该方程适用压力从0．03至53MPa，密度从2．9至1800kg／m^3，温度从204至473K．将该方程计算的HFC-227ea的pVT数据与实验数据比较后表明：两者的气相压力平均绝对值偏差为0．296％，饱和蒸气压平均绝对值偏差为0．213％，液相密度平均绝对值偏差为0．148％．     

三氟甲醚作为冰箱制冷剂的理论分析

对氟化醚类工质三氟甲醚（HFE143a）用作冰箱制冷剂进行了全面的理论分析，比较了新制冷剂HFE143a与冰箱制冷剂CFC12、HFC134a、HC600a和HFC152a／HCFC22等的基础热物理性质，对它们的冰箱标准工况制冷循环性能和变工况制冷循环性能进行了详细的理论计算及分析，新制冷剂HFE143a的制冷性能与CFC12和HFC134a的制冷性能基本相似，而耗指标却优于它们，所以适应更高环境保护的要求，完全适合做新一代的冰箱制冷剂。     

HFC-227ea的焓、熵、比热容计算

根据熵、内能及焓等物性参数的微分关系式,利用HFC-227ea的MBWR状态方程（pVT关系式）及比热容的关系式,推导了HFC-227ea的焓、熵、比热容的计算方程,并给出HFC-227ea的压焓图（p-h图,温度245-455K,压力0．03-10MPa,密度2～1500kg／m^3）和温熵图（T-s图,温度235-450K,压力0．0015～20MPa,密度0．2～1400kg／m^3）,以及比定压热容曲线图（cp-T图,温度280-460K,压力1～5MPa）．     

绝热毛细管中制冷剂流动特性的一阶积分模型

制冷剂在绝热毛细管内的流动因存在汽液两相流而较为复杂．本通过引入两相流区压力和比容之间的一阶近似式,获得该问题的一阶近似积分解．在常见的制冷空调工况范围内,以制冷剂CFC-12、HFC-134a和HC-600a为工质,对该模型与分布参数模型进行了对比;同时也与实验数据进行了对比．结果表明：与分布参数模型的平均偏差小于1％,与实验数据亦较好吻合;计算速度较分布参数模型提高了一个数量级以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.