乳化沥青冷再生混合料的透水性与空隙特征

为了研究乳化沥青冷再生混合料的透水性与空隙特征之间关系,通过测定渗透系数来评价其透水性,并利用工业CT扫描观测其内部细观空隙结构.根据乳化沥青冷再生混合料养生过程中空隙率的变化,探究水泥和水对其空隙形成的影响.结果发现,乳化沥青冷再生混合料在较高的空隙率下具有相对较低的透水性;其平均空隙尺寸略小于同级配的热拌沥青混合料,且大空隙较少,小空隙较多;乳化沥青冷再生混合料的空隙由压实空隙和养生空隙构成,水分的蒸发和水泥用量对养生空隙的形成具有显著的影响,随着水分的蒸发和水泥的水化,乳化沥青冷再生混合料内部形成了许多养生空隙;乳化沥青冷再生混合料的空隙尺寸以及分布特征是造成其低透水性的重要因素.     

泡沫沥青和水泥对冷再生混合料性能的影响机理

为了研究水泥与泡沫沥青两种粘结料对冷再生混合料性能的影响及作用机理,采用力学性能试验、路用性能试验分析了泡沫沥青用量和水泥掺量对冷再生混合料力学特性与路用性能的影响,基于数字图像处理技术、SEM微观图像测试和工业CT无损检测技术,分析了泡沫沥青的分散性状及水泥对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的强度影响机理。结果表明,增大水泥掺量有助于提高泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的力学性能、高温稳定性与水稳定性,但过多的水泥不利于泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的低温性能,推荐水泥掺量控制为1%~1.8%较为适宜。在3.0%泡沫沥青用量时ITS、UCS、内摩擦角Φ、黏聚力C均达到峰值。泡沫沥青冷再生混合料中的沥青呈独特的“点焊”状分散方式,随泡沫沥青用量增大,试件破坏界面泡沫沥青所占的面积（FFAC）增大,FFAC与ITS两者之间有良好的二次函数关系。水泥水化后形成的加筋结构增大了空隙级配中小于0.1 mm3微孔的数量,减小了冷再生混合料的平均空隙直径,水泥水化后形成的状加筋嵌挤结构具有抑制冻融作用下冷再生混合料内部空隙增大的作用,并且维持空隙级配的稳定。     

冻融循环作用下泡沫和乳化沥青冷再生混合料损伤特性与细观机理

为了揭示冻融循环作用下泡沫沥青和乳化沥青冷再生混合料的疲劳损伤规律,设计了冻融循环试验方案,基于劈裂强试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、贯入剪切试验研究冻融循环作用对泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料力学性能的劣化影响,以工业CT无损检测技术为研究平台,研究冻融循环作用对泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料微细观空隙级配、空隙直径的影响规律。结果表明,冻融循环作用显著降低了泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料的力学性能,总体上,泡沫沥青与乳化沥青冷再生混合料表现出了基本相同的力学性能,乳化沥青比泡沫沥青冷再生混合料有更好的抗损害性能。随着冻融循环次数增加,泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料的平均空隙直径和最大空隙直径增大,大空隙数目增加,小空隙比例和空隙数目减小,随着平均空隙直径增大,泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料劈裂强度、贯入剪切强度均呈指数函数关系减小。冻融循环作用下,泡沫/乳化沥青冷再生混合料内部微空隙数目减少、平均空隙直径增大是其力学性能衰减的主要原因之一。     

不同马歇尔击实方法乳化沥青冷再生混合料的细微观结构性能

采用工业CT无损检测技术(X-ray CT)和数字图像处理技术研究"30+45"、"40+35"、"50+25"、"60+15"、"75+0"五种马歇尔击实方法下乳化沥青冷再生混合料试件的内部的粗颗粒的颗粒主轴取向角和空隙特征分布特征;并通过统计分析提出数学模型对其进行表征。结果表明:马歇尔击实方式下乳化沥青冷再生混合料粗集料取向角基本符合洛伦兹分布,第二遍击实次数越多,粗集料取向角减小幅度越大,增大二次击实功虽然可改善乳化沥青冷再生混合料的颗粒分布结构;但远没有增大第一次击实功效果明显。"50+25"、"60+15法"空级配中大孔百分比明显减小,而小孔百分比显著增大,随着第二遍击实次数的减小,乳化沥青冷再生混合料平均孔径呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,马歇尔试件平均孔径与劈裂强度之间具有良好的线性拟合关系。二次击实可减小乳化沥青冷再生混合料内部的大孔,改善粗集料的骨架承载结构,综合考虑击实方法对乳化沥青冷再生混合料劈裂强度、粗颗粒存在形态以及细微观空隙分布特征的影响,推荐采用"50+25法"成型马歇尔试件。     

不同马歇尔击实方法乳化沥青冷再生混合料细微观结构性能研究

采用工业CT无损检测技术(X-ray CT)和数字图像处理技术研究“30+45”、“40+35”、“50+25”、“60+15”、“75+0”五种马歇尔击实方法下乳化沥青冷再生混合料试件的内部的粗颗粒的颗粒主轴取向角和空隙特征分布特征,并通过统计分析提出数学模型对其进行表征。结果表明：马歇尔击实方式下乳化沥青冷再生混合料粗集料取向角基本符合洛伦兹分布,第二遍击实次数越多,粗集料取向角减小幅度越大,增大二次击实功虽然可改善乳化沥青冷再生混合料的颗粒分布结构,但远没有增大第一次击实功效果明显;“50+25”、“60+15法”空级配中大孔百分比明显减小,而小孔百分比显著增大,随着第二遍击实次数的减小,乳化沥青冷再生混合料平均孔径呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,马歇尔试件平均孔径与劈裂强度之间具有良好的线性拟合关系。二次击实可减小乳化沥青冷再生混合料内部的大孔,改善粗集料的骨架承载结构,综合考虑击实方法对乳化沥青冷再生混合料劈裂强度、粗颗粒存在形态以及细微观空隙分布特征的影响,推荐采用“50+25法”成型马歇尔试件。     

基于CT技术的复合沥青混凝土内部空隙特征分析

摘要： 采用X射线断层扫描（CT）技术分析了相同集料级配条件下,不同水泥和乳化沥青结合料用量混凝土的1~10层位空隙数量、空隙尺寸和空隙率等指标的变化规律,并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析其相关机理.结果表明：在相同条件下,复合沥青混凝土试件两端的空隙数量较多、尺寸大且空隙率较大,而中间部分则相反;复合沥青混凝土内部最大空隙率为10.1%;掺加水泥或采用适当添加量的乳化沥青,有利于降低混凝土的空隙率,当乳化沥青和水泥的质量分数分别为8.0%和3.0%时,混凝土的空隙率最小,仅为3.9%,且其空隙分布不均匀.     

乳化沥青种类和用量对CAM砂浆性能影响

为研究乳化沥青种类和用量对水泥乳化沥青砂浆性能影响,通过改变乳化沥青种类和用量制备出Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种水泥乳化沥青砂浆,研究了乳化沥青种类和用量对水泥乳化沥青砂浆新拌性能(工作性)和硬化性能(抗压强度、弹性模量和抗冲击韧性)影响。结果表明,乳化沥青用量越多,新拌砂浆流动时间越高,抗压强度和弹性模量越低,抗冲击韧性越好,Ⅰ型砂浆受乳化沥青用量影响较大;与SBS改性剂相比,SBR更适合应用于水泥乳化沥青砂浆。     

水泥-乳化沥青冷再生混合料配合比设计

为了研究水泥-乳化沥青冷再生混合料(CEACRM)中各材料对其初期强度及后期残留强度的影响,选用2种回收沥青混合料(RAP)的质量分数,按正交试验方法选取水泥用量、乳化沥青用量和拌和水用量3个影响因素,在3个水平条件下进行CEACRM的配合比设计试验,并对试验结果进行了极差分析.结果表明:水泥和乳化沥青对再生混合料强度的影响程度随RAP质量分数不同而异,RAP质量分数较低时,乳化沥青对CEACRM的初期和后期强度均起主导作用;在RAP质量分数较高时,水泥对CEACRM的初期强度起主导作用,乳化沥青对CEACRM的后期强度起主导作用;拌和水用量是对强度影响最弱的因素.因此,建议RAP质量分数较低时选用2%(质量比)的水泥用量;在RAP质量分数较高时,水泥用量应综合成本因素来考虑.     

水泥乳化沥青混合料性能试验

对不同乳化沥青用量和水泥掺量的水泥乳化沥青混合料进行了试验研究,通过测试不同乳化沥青用量和水泥掺量时混合料的间接拉伸强度、抗压强度、静态回弹模量以及冻融劈裂强度比、浸水残留稳定度、动稳定度、最大弯拉应变、飞散损失率等指标,得到了乳化沥青用量和水泥掺量变化对混合料强度和路用性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:乳化沥青用量和水泥掺量对混合料的强度及路用性能影响显著,掺加水泥后混合料的抗压强度、高温性能和水稳定性显著提高,其中残留稳定度提高约20%,抗压强度提高35%,动稳定度成倍增长,但混合料的低温弯拉应变降低约12%;水泥乳化沥青混合料中,水泥掺量为3%、乳化沥青用量为8%时,混合料的强度和路用性能相对较好。     

基于排水沥青混合料细观结构的排水特性分析

对连通空隙结构对排水沥青混合料渗水特性的影响进行了研究,基于工业CT获取排水沥青混合料空隙细观分布特征,建立了排水沥青混合料的渗水数值模型,并采用有限体积法分析水在排水沥青混合料结构内部的流动特征,探讨连通空隙直径、空隙弯曲度与最小截面尺寸对水流特性的影响.结果表明:空隙直径对水流流速的影响较大,流速近似与空隙直径的平方成正比;空隙弯曲度越大,流速与流量越小;弯曲结构形式对流速与流量的影响较小,分析过程中可忽略空隙弯曲结构形式,只考虑弯曲度的影响;以连通空隙路径中的最小截面直径作为整个水流路径的当量直径来进行渗水特性分析,会造成计算的渗透系数偏小,需采用一定的修正关系式对计算结果进行修正.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to