不同改性法对ZSM-5催化反应性能的影响

研究了不同改性剂对ZSM—5沸石分子筛催化反应性能的影响。实验表明:用MgO、CH_3SiCl_3和(CH_3)_2SiCl_2等改性剂对ZSM—5分子筛进行改性后,虽然可以提高对二乙苯的选择性,但难以获得高纯对二乙苯。在适当条件下,用SiCl_4ZSM—5分子筛进行改性后用于催化乙苯歧化反应,对二乙苯的选择性可达95％以上,是乙苯歧化反应合成高纯对二乙苯的优良催化剂,将歧化反应与乙苯—乙醇烷基化反应相比较可知:在适当的反应温度下,歧化反应的选择性和二乙苯收率均高于烷基化反应。因此,利用歧化反应制备对二乙苯优于烷基化法。     

乙苯烷基化择形催化剂——改性HZSM-5分子筛的研究

HZSM-5在不同pH值对Mg~(2+)和Mn~(2+)的吸附量测定结果发现,HZSM-5吸附Mg~(2+)和Mn~(2+)的最佳pH值都在3.0附近。对Mg(Ac)_2/HZSM-5和Mn(Ac)_2/HZSM-5的热分解性能研究结果表明:由于Mg(Ac)_2、Mn(Ac)_2和载体HZSM-5之间的相互作用,使得负载型样品热分解的起始温度比纯Mg(Ac)_2和Mn(Ac)_2低,而完全分解的温度由纯样品的500℃左右提高到550℃左右。镁改性HZSM-5分子筛上进行乙苯与乙醇烷基化反应可直接合成高纯度的对二乙苯。在反应温度38O℃,空速6.9L·h~(-1)下,在Mg(1.5)HZSM-5催化剂上,反应达到稳定后,对位选择性为96％,对二乙苯产率达5.8％。经Mn改性的HZSM-5催化剂上,对二乙苯产率为6.3％,乙苯转化率达7.0％,但对位选择性只有82.3％。经Mg、Mn同时改性的HZSM-5催化性能没有MgHZSM-5好。     

ALCL_3和SiCL_4改性HZSM-5沸石上的乙苯乙烯烷基化反应

本文用微型反应器、SEM、XPS、IR-TPD、吸附动力学等手段研究了HZSM-5沸石经 ALCL_3或 SiCL_4蒸气改性前后的乙苯、乙烯烷基化反应的催化性能及其与沸石表面性质间的关系。结果表明,改性会使 HZSM-5 沸石的表面 B 酸中心数量减少,强度降低,并造成沸石孔口、孔道阻塞或孔径收缩和孔道阻碍,扩大了二烷基苯异构体间的扩散差别。这些变化是造成乙苯、乙烯烷基化反应活性和选择性变化的重要原因。     

二甲苯异构化反应特性与HZSM-5沸石催化剂性能的关系研究

采用脉冲微反和HN3中毒法，研究了在HZSM-5沸石催化剂上二甲苯异构化反应特性，催化剂表面酸性与邻二甲苯异构化的活性和选择性的关系，确定了在200-350℃范围内的中等强度的酸中心是参与二甲苯异构化的活性中心，这些酸中心数增加，其反应的活性和选择性增加，阐述了HZSM-5的结构因素对其选择性的影响。     

不同沸石分子筛催化剂上萘与异丙醇的烷基化反应

考察了USY、Hβ、HMCM-22、HM、HZSM-5等5种沸石分子筛在萘与异丙醇烷基化反应中的催化性能，并用XRD和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。实验结果发现，沸石分子筛的酸性质和孔结构是影响其活性和选择性的主要因素，以弱酸和中强酸为主的酸性中心以及十二元环开放的孔道有利于提高催化刑活性，而与目标产物2，6-二异丙基萘的分子直径接近的一维孔道有利于其选择性的提高。     

HZSM-5型(HIDG-01)分子筛催化剂甲苯岐化催化性能的考察

本课题是在装填50克原颗粒催化剂的小型加压临氢固定床反应装置上,对HIDG-01 (属于ZSM-5型)沸石分子筛催化剂的甲苯岐化反应性能及其最佳工艺条件进行全面考察。 试验结果指出,反应温度对HIDG催化性能有着重要影响,甲苯转化率随温度升高几乎成直线增加,歧化率则成直线迅递下降;反应空速对催化剂催化性能也有明显影响,甲苯转化率随空速增加逐渐降低,歧化率和对二甲苯选择性则有提高;反应压力和氢、烃分子比变化对催化性能影响是不显著的,加压和临氢可以保护催化剂抑制积炭,延长催化剂使用周期。 该催化剂用于甲苯歧化反应比较适宜工艺条…     

MgO修饰的HZSM-5分子筛对甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了系列MgO修饰的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂，通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶红外(Py-IR)等方法对修饰前后的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行表征，并在固定床反应器上对催化剂的性能进行评价.结果表明：MgO的修饰并未对HZSM-5分子筛的晶体结构有明显影响，但是部分MgO优先覆盖了分子筛表面的强酸位，从而降低了分子筛的酸强度，并改变了B酸/L酸比例；同时由于MgO堵塞部分孔道造成分子筛比表面积降低，进一步降低了分子筛表面酸性位的数量，影响甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能和产物分布.MgO修饰后的HZSM-5分子筛，虽然使甲苯转化率降低，抑制了甲苯歧化反应、深度烷基化反应和缩聚反应的发生，但是有利于对二甲苯和乙基甲苯的生成，表现出一定的择形催化性能.     

HZSM-5?SAPO-11复合分子筛的合成及催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

合成了一系列HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛,研究了原料配比、模板剂及晶化时间等合成条件对HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的形成及催化乙醇脱水性能的影响,比较了复合分子筛和HZSM-5分子筛的催化稳定性。研究确定了复合分子筛的最佳合成条件:原料质量配比为二正丙胺m(DPA)∶m(HZSM-5)∶m(Al_2O_3)=8∶4∶1,二正丙胺为模板剂,晶化时间为24h.复合分子筛表现出良好的乙醇脱水催化性能,反应150h,催化活性基本没有下降,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性均保持在95%左右。     

稀土改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

采用浸渍法制备La、Ce、Sm、Eu等稀土(RE)金属改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(RE/HZSM5),考察它们在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化性能.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)和氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对其物化性能进行表征,并讨论反应温度对La/HZSM-5催化性能的影响.结果表明:少量稀土引入不破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,只对表面酸性产生了较大的影响;表面酸量决定RE/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的性能,酸量的增大有利于乙醇转化率的提高;在不同稀土改性的催化剂中,2%La/HZSM-5的催化性能最佳,在反应温度240 ℃、55%原料乙醇、进料质量空速(WHSV)2.5 h-1的条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99.3%和98.6%.     

HZSM-5催化裂解抽余C5制备乙烯／丙烯

以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,在固定床反应器上进行抽余C5催化裂解制备乙烯/丙烯实验.考察了不同硅铝摩尔比的HZSM-5催化裂解抽余C5制备乙烯/丙烯的反应性能;用H3PO4浸渍法对HZSM-5进行改性,考察P改性对抽余C5催化裂解性能的影响,并采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对其进行表征.结果表明,硅铝摩尔比为50的HZSM-5具有较好的催化裂解抽余C5制乙烯/丙烯反应性能,该催化剂最适宜的工艺条件是0.1 MPa、550℃、液体质量空速为3 h-1、水/油(抽余C5)体积比为0.8;未改性HZSM-5(硅铝摩尔比为50)在最佳工艺条件下反应3 h,所得乙烯和丙烯总收率为43.43%,而P改性后的HZSM-5在相同条件下反应,乙烯和丙烯总收率可达47.30%,提高了3.87%;P改性不会破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,可调节分子筛的酸性,改善HZSM-5分子筛的催化裂解性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to