苍山东坡雉类分布初步研究

2008年3月至2009年2月对大理苍山东坡雉类进行调查,调查期间共记录到5种雉类,分别是白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、雉鸡(Phasianus colchicu)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)和黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesi).苍山东坡北端未受干扰,生境中雉类的密度高于南端.苍山雉类的分布海拔范围为2 300～3 700m,其中在海拔3 200～3 300m范围内出现的频率最高.就生境分布而言,雉类的密度在针阔混交林带、华山松林带、杜鹃冷杉林带和云南松林带中依次降低.而箭竹林带未发现雉类.总的来说,人类活动以及生境破坏是影响苍山东坡雉类分布的主要因素.     

四川雉鹑:在高原兴旺发达

正栖息在川西、青南、藏东、滇北的四川雉鹑(Tetraophasis szechenyii)与血雉类似,也分布在高海拔地区。甚至在四川西部的帕姆岭一带,四川雉鹑和血雉同域分布。帕姆岭是藏传佛教名山,虔诚的藏民来此朝拜转山,随手将青稞与糌粑抛洒在山岭高处,日积月累,周围山林中的鸟类都有了充裕的食粮。     

秦岭血雉的种群生态

秦岭血雉为陕西省的二类保护动物,对其种群生态进行系统的研究才能有效地进行预测,保护和利用。通过对秦岭不同地区的血雉的调查研究,认为秦岭血雉至少存在四个地理种群,它们的生活环境各不相同,其种群密度、性比、年龄结构、繁殖日期及生理指标也各不相同,各个地理种群受各自生活条件的影响,朝着适应各自生活环境的方向发展。在每个地理种群中,又存在着若干生态种群,以聚群为单位,占据着不同的小生境,充分利用能够生活的环境,有利于种群的整体适应及生存。在自然林没有遭到破坏及消除人类狩猎的地区,血雉种群数量可能处于增长状态。     

滇西北七县雉类空间分布的初步研究

2006年4月～6月和2006年10月～2007年2月对滇西北七县雉类的空间分布进行了调查。结果表明,(1)本次调查共记录到6种雉类,不同海拔带栖息着不同的雉类,6种雉类主要分布在中间海拔带(4000m≥A>3000m)。(2)不同雉类种类对生境的需求不同,勺鸡在4种生境中有分布,主要为云南松林、针阔混交林、暗针叶林和落叶阔叶林,雉鸡和白马鸡分布在3种生境中,白腹锦鸡主要见于云南松林及针阔混交林,四川雉鹑分布于高山栎林和林缘灌丛,血雉仅见于暗针叶林生境。生境丧失和狩猎是滇西北雉类生存的主要威胁因子。     

中国鸟类特有属物种分化与分布格局研究

中国现有的鸟类特有属包括朱鹮属(Nipponia)、雉鹑属(Tetraophasis)、锦鸡属 (Chrysolophus)、马鸡属(Crossoptilon)、血雉属(Ithaginis)、拟地鸦属(Pseudopodoces)、山鹛属 (Rhopohpilus)、藏雀属(Kozlowia)、朱鹀属(Urocynchramus)、蓝鹀属(Latoucheornis),共10属,其 中朱鹮属、血雉属、拟地鸦属、山鹛属、藏雀属、朱鹀属和蓝鹀属为单型属,雉鹑属、锦鸡属和马鸡属 皆为多型属.首先建立了这些特有属的地理分布数据库和生境分布数据库,并利用GIS(ArcView 3.1)软件进行水平和空间格局上的叠加分析,进一步对特有属的时空分布以及属内物种的分化予 以探究,确定了这些特有属的分布中心,并在此基础上建议不同级别的物种特有性优先保护区域. 这些都为研究该地区鸟类的特有性、动物区系形成历史和物种分化,以及多样性研究与保护提供了 参考依据和研究方法.     

四川大相岭大熊猫种群及栖息地调查

2001年对大相岭大熊猫及栖息地进行了调查.调查结果表明:大相岭山系有大熊猫栖息地面积353.76km2,数量14只,分布在洪雅和荥经县境内.大熊猫活动痕迹主要分布在海拔2000~2500m的针阔混交林生境.大熊猫栖息地内存在多种人类活动干扰,主要有采笋、历史的采伐和公路,分别占调查样方数的23.2%、22.2%和6.8%.与20世纪80年代进行的第二次调查比较,大熊猫的分布范围发生了较大的改变,当时没有大熊猫分布的荥经县现成为大熊猫的主要分布地.大相岭山系是现存大熊猫栖息地面积最小,数量最少的山系,需加强该地的保护区建设、大熊猫生境廊道建设及有效控制栖息地内的人类干扰活动,从而避免大熊猫种群的衰亡.     

我国的一级保护动物——雉类(二)

1.雉鹑(Tetraophsis obscurus)鸡形目、雉科、雉鹑属.分布于青海、甘肃、四川、云南西北部至西藏东部,栖息于海拔4000米以上针叶林内.体长约460毫米.2.四川山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufipectus)鸡形目、雉科、山鹧鸪属.仅分布于我国四川部分地区,栖息于海拔1000米以上高山阔叶林、竹林和灌丛中.体长约300毫米.3.海南山鹧鸪(A· ardens)鸡形目、雉科、山鹧鸪属.分布于海南,在丘陵、山地的浓密竹丛中多见.4.红胸角雉(Tragopan satyra)鸡形目、雉科、角雉属.国内仅分布于西藏南部,栖息于海拔3000米左右森林中.体长约700毫米.5.黑头角雉(T· melanocephalus)鸡形目、     

封底彩图说明：我国的一级保护动物——雉类(一)

1.绿尾虹雉(Lophophoras lhaysii)鸡形目、雉科、虹雉属.中国特产动物,分布于青海东南部、四川西部和西北部、甘肃南部.栖息于海拔4000-5000米多岩山地草甸.体长760-810毫米,重3500-4000克.2.白尾梢虹雉(Lophophoras sclaieri)鸡形目、雉科、虹雉属.国内分布于西藏东南部及云南西北部、西部,国外见于缅甸.栖息于海拔2500-4000米林地及山顶草甸.体长580-700毫米,重约2500克.3.棕尾虹雉(Lophophorsa iwpejanas)鸡     

雉科鸟类肠道微生物的多样性与功能及其对食性的适应

肠道菌群对动物的生命活动有着极其重要的影响.本研究利用高通量测序手段,对雉科(Phasianidae)鸟类粪便进行16S r RNA基因测序,并结合其自身的杂食性饮食结构,探究了雉科鸟类肠道菌群的情况,共得到189 860条有效序列并定义4 305个OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit).结果发现雉科鸟类肠道菌群中变形菌门的相对丰度高于许多已知的其他鸟类.尽管食性相同,但雉科鸟类肠道菌群依然存在部分分化的现象,说明宿主系统发生地位对肠道菌群结构起到了重要的作用.不仅如此,更深入的宏基因组研究显示,雉科肠道菌群功能中,分解雉科摄入的有害物质的通路被富集,以此来确保雉科鸟类的正常生命活动.     

不同情景下人类活动对生态保护重点区域分布的影响分析

为明确人类活动对生态保护重点区域分布的影响,以新疆阿克苏市和温宿县为例,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(InVEST)模型提取生态源地;然后,使用地理空间数据模拟研究区内人类活动的范围、强度和当地自然条件,创建自然景观阻力面和人类活动阻力面,并依据设立的4个情景分配权重,得到4个综合阻力面;最后,使用Linkage Mapper插件识别各自生态保护重点区域,并对4个结果进行比较.结果表明:人类活动对生态保护重点区域分布存在影响,尤其在人类活动强度较高的城镇中心区,随着人类活动阻力占比增加,周边生态廊道的数量和位置发生显著变化,总面积保持不变;作为生态廊道的一部分,生态夹点随着廊道位置的变化而变化,总面积不变;生态障碍点修复阈值范围缩小,修复产生的最大价值降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.