轨道根数对极轨气象卫星数据接收的影响

如果轨道根数不准确,由其计算出的地面数据接收站的天线程序控制跟踪数据就存在偏差,会导致天线不能准确跟踪过境卫星从而无法获取卫星数据.以风云三号数据接收为例,给出了轨道根数的计算方法,分析了由错误轨道根数导致的接收卫星数据失败的原因,从理论和实践上指出在极轨卫星数据接收中轨道根数的重要性.提出事先检验轨道根数,并纳入制定极轨卫星数据接收策略的必要性.     

利用CAPS测距数据确定GEO卫星变轨期间的轨道

为调整轨道或者姿态,卫星每隔一段时间会进行喷气或者动量轮卸载,相当于对卫星产生了附加推力．由于变轨过程的复杂性和变轨加速度测量的不确定性,在一般的定轨过程中,通常是不采用变轨期间的测轨数据．但是在特殊情况下如导航卫星的RDSS服务需要提供不间断的包含变轨弧段在内的连续星历．文中利用高精度高采样率的CAPS测距资料,对某GEO卫星包含变轨弧段在内的6天长弧段进行了定轨分析,着重讨论如何利用变轨期间的遥测数据建立变轨推力模型,并将推力模型加入到定轨的动力学模型中,进行长弧段定轨．研究还表明,即使没有准确的遥测信息,基于CAPS系统的高精度高采样率测轨数据,可以解算推力参数．计算结果表明两种方案均取得了良好的数据拟合效果,变轨弧段的轨道位置误差最大约为20m．     

极轨气象卫星NOAA AVHRR数据的高精度定位

针对极轨气象卫星 Ｎ Ｏ Ａ Ａ Ａ Ｖ Ｈ Ｒ Ｒ 数据的高精度定位,提出了一种从直接定位、导航定位、几何精校正三方面综合考虑的方案。该方案通过建立精确的卫星运动轨道模型、卫星摄动模型,采用对称椭球体的地球形态模型和融入卫星姿态的地面扫描点位置的计算方法,使直接定位精度达到３ 个像元。通过定量分析影响导航定位精度的主要因素,提出了融合卫星时间漂移校正、调整卫星轨道根数和估算卫星姿态偏差的导航定位新算法。在导航定位和几何精校正中,利用具有足够定位精度的１∶１００ 万数字地图数据和高分辨率 Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ Ｔ Ｍ 图像,提取地面控制点和控制块,使 Ａ Ｖ Ｈ Ｒ Ｒ 数据导航定位精度达到１ 个像元,几何精校正定位精度达到０５ 个像元     

基于非线性自回归神经网络的局部大气密度预测方法

由于现有大气密度模型精度不足,在对低轨卫星定轨和轨道预报时容易产生较大误差,而观测手段的缺乏以及对高层大气物理机理缺乏足够了解给大气密度模型的建立带来了一定的困难.提出了利用神经网络来建立大气密度预测模型.首先,利用两行轨道根数对NRLMSISE-00大气模型校准得到沿轨道的局部化密度模型,然后基于非线性自适应回归神经网络(NARX)构建大气密度预测模型.该模型主要结合校准后MSIS模型以及太阳与地磁活动指数来预测未来一段时间内局部大气密度.将该模型应用于不同的卫星轨道数据,进行了多个时间段的模拟试验.与卫星实测密度的比对结果显示,相对于MSIS密度模型,该模型的预测误差有了一定的减小,为提高低轨卫星短期轨道预报精度提供了思路.     

轨位偏置的GEO卫星轨道快速恢复技术

北斗系统中轨位资源相对匮乏的GEO卫星需要频繁轨控来保持轨位,其轨控后的轨道快速恢复问题,是制约卫星可用度和系统服务性能的重要因素.GEO卫星静地特性使得难以实现轨道参数与钟参数的有效分离,特别针对轨位偏置GEO卫星该问题更加突出.本文提出了星地钟差支持下的轨道快速恢复技术,通过无线电双向法实现星地时间同步和多星定轨实现高精度站间时间同步,实现了钟差与轨道的有效分离.本文同时提出具有先验约束的降相关方法和基于长弧约束短弧运动学和动力学参数的轨道快速恢复方法,有效解决了监测接收机系统差问题,实现了高精度的轨道快速恢复.基于北斗系统实测数据的试验分析表明:机动后轨道快速恢复时间由24 h缩短为4 h,SLR评估的预报2 h轨道视向精度优于1 m,UERE精度优于1.5 m,有效解决了轨位偏置GEO卫星的轨道快速恢复问题.     

基于AR模型的低轨卫星大气密度建模与预报

研究了采用时间序列分析进行低轨卫星大气密度的建模与预报。通过对低轨卫星历史和当前的大气密度进行时间序列建模、频谱分析,可以获得未来数个轨道周期内大气密度的预报模型,并结合GRACE卫星加速度计反演的大气密度数据进行了详细分析。研究结果表明:GRACE卫星一个轨道周期内的密度预报模型是以轨道角速度和时间表示的最高次数为2的傅里叶级数。与三维密度模型相比,这种密度预报模型仅与历史的大气密度有关、所需模型参数少,可为今后在卫星定轨和轨道预报工作中大气密度的建模和预报提供新的思路。     

GEO导航卫星多种观测资料联合精密定轨

针对跟踪站少、观测几何条件差以及轨道机动后GEO导航卫星精密定轨问题,提出了用激光观测数据解算无线电测距离观测数据设备时延、用CODE模型参数和多频载波相位数据进行电离层延迟精确修正的精密定轨和轨道快速恢复的处理体制.通过在轨实测数据实验证明,利用激光标定的距离观测数据组合设备时延精度优于1ns;基于3站观测数据GEO卫星精密定轨结果,RMS为0.25m;24h数据定轨结果重叠12小轨道径向互差0.55m,位置互差约1.62m;预报12h轨道重叠弧段互差为径向3.63m,位置互差8.51m;定轨结果与激光比对残差约0.10m,预报2h轨道比对残差约0.18m,预报24h轨道比对残差约2.04m.GEO卫星轨道机动后2～3h,动力学定轨结果能够恢复到与激光比对残差小于1m、与精密定轨结果比对位置互差约30m的水平.试验及分析结果表明,所提出的GEO精度定轨技术方案可靠、稳定.     

三轴稳定静止卫星赋形天线指向误差分析

对于静止轨道三轴稳定卫星,天线的指向精度是用户要求的重要指标.在卫星定点后处于工作姿态时,要求天线波束覆盖用户规定的地面区域,并满足规定的电性能指标.卫星的姿态、轨道、天线性能和总装等误差对赋形天线的指向精度均具有一定的影响.本文对影响赋形天线指向精度的各类误差的形成原因、误差数据的计算方法进行了逐项分析.研究了各类误差对赋形天线指向精度的影响,其中重点分析了姿态和轨道误差的影响,给出了相应的算法公式,并基于实际工程数据进行了算例仿真,得到卫星在正常和位保两种模式下赋形天线的指向误差数据.通过对比,仿真计算结果与卫星在轨天线方向图的实测结果具有一致性,证明了该分析思路和计算方法的有效性和正确性.     

几何学轨道数值求导的GRACE加速度计标定算法

为标定星载加速度计的输出值,提出基于高阶多项式拟合卫星几何学精密轨道数据,通过数值求导获得卫星摄动加速度继而解算标定参数的算法。选用2010年7月25—31日共7 d的GRACE-A/B卫星数据测试,结果表明:加速度计在切向的标定精度最高,与官方参考值平均相符度达99.2%,而法向与径向的标定精度相对较低,这主要源于保守力模型误差引起的混叠效果;当采用标定后的数据在不加入经验补偿力的方式下开展动力法定轨,切向的轨道精度优于7 cm,满足大气阻力等摄动分析的精度需求,径向与法向的轨道残差则相对较大,但仍适用于米级精密定轨,验证了算法的有效性。     

GEO卫星机动后的星历快速恢复方法

GEO卫星可用于导航卫星,存在一个重要的问题是：GEO卫星机动较为频繁,卫星机动力不易建模．基于转发式测轨数据,常用的动力学统计定轨方法在无机动力的巡航状态下可以获得很高的精度,但当机动发生后,预报轨道将很快失效,一直到机动结束后较长时间内星历都不能有效使用．为改善这种状况,我们研究机动后星历的快速恢复方法．首先使用高精度转发式测轨数据,分析了GEO卫星机动情形下的运动规律．然后在卫星机动结束并进入巡航状态后,使用密集的短弧段观测数据,把公共系统偏差、各站系统偏差等作为常数,主要解算6个轨道根数,用统计定轨方法进行轨道预报,减少解算参数提高预报精度,实现卫星星历的快速恢复．结果表明：在目前的转发式测轨网布站情形下,对鑫诺一号卫星,利用15min数据预报2h,轨道精度（O-C）约为5m;利用30min数据预报2h,轨道精度（O-C）约为3m．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with