广西北部湾海域水质污染调查与分析

为全面了解广西北部湾海域水质污染状况,根据广西北部湾海域2021年8月（夏季）和2022年1月（冬季）表层海水调查数据,利用单因子污染指数法、有机污染指数法和综合污染指数法对广西北部湾海域进行水质污染分析和评价。研究表明：广西北部湾海域表层海水夏季和冬季pH、溶解态无机氮（DIN）、溶解态无机磷（DIP）和溶解氧（DO）存在不同程度超标,主要污染物为DIN和DIP,钦州湾和铁山港是各单因子主要超标海域。有机污染方面,仅夏季钦州湾湾内存在1个重度污染站位,在钦州湾和铁山港湾内出现中度污染,夏和冬两季分别占18.5%和13.6%,其余受污染海域同时出现在钦州湾、廉州湾和铁山港,夏和冬两季良好水质仅占3.7%和22.7%,均位于涠洲岛海域。综合污染方面,未发现严重污染水域,仅钦州湾在夏季出现中度污染,轻度污染在夏和冬两季分别占40.7%和31.8%,夏季除涠洲岛外其他海域均受到综合污染,冬季仅钦州湾和铁山港受到综合污染。整体而言,单因子超标率、水体有机污染和综合污染程度在夏季高于冬季,在湾内高于湾外。     

三门湾海域环境质量现状评价及其年际变化

三门湾是浙江省重点养殖海湾之一,沿岸海域环境污染和养殖业自身污染对浅海养殖业已造成严重威胁。本文根据2015-2016年对三门湾海域的环境质量调查结果,结合海洋环境功能区划对该海域环境质量现状进行了评价与分析;对海水的富营养化程度,沉积物中重金属的富集程度及潜在的生态危害效应进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)该海域水质除了无机氮、活性磷酸盐、pH和COD部分超标外,其他环境因子符合功能区相应的海水水质标准;(2)该海域沉积物的重金属含量均达标,底质环境状况良好;(3)三门湾海域各季节富营养化指数大于1,表明该海区富营养化程度较高;(4)各个季节潜在生态危害系数均远小于150,说明三门湾海域沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害属于轻微危害范围。海水富营养化成因较为复杂,后续还需进行综合调查分析。     

福建近海漂移物漂移轨迹分析及模拟

浮子漂移实验能够捕捉海域表面海流的特征，为提高海上漂移物漂移轨迹预测模式的预测精度提供改进依据.通过在福建近海的浮子漂移实验，选取兴化湾、厦门湾与湾外近岸海域浮子的运动轨迹，对研究海域的表面流进行分析，并在业务化三维海洋动力模型基础上，结合拉格朗日粒子追踪法，建立了福建近海海上目标物漂移轨迹预测模式，利用浮子漂移实验对漂移模式在福建近海的适用性进行了验证.研究结果表明：湾内浮子运动主要受潮流作用，呈现往复运动的趋势；湾外浮子运动主要由外海环流驱动，有沿等深线迁移趋势，并受到潮过程作用局部形成回流.而本研究构建的福建近海海上目标物漂移轨迹预测模式的模拟结果与浮子漂移结果基本一致，并且相对于湾内的轨迹预测，湾外的模拟有更高的可信度.同时浮子漂移实验还表明FES潮流模型在台湾海峡有较高的准确度，而湾内欠佳.     

北部湾近岸海域夏季海洋环境质量评价

【目的】调查和评价广西北部湾近岸海域的污染状况。【方法】2010年6月从广西北部湾近岸海域采集46个海水样品和24个表层沉积物样品,测定海水中14种元素和沉积物中12种元素的含量,并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对海水及表层沉积物污染特征进行分析和评价。【结果】该海域中海水平均单项污染程度依次为铅无机磷无机氮=锌汞pH值溶解氧化学耗氧量油类铜镉DDT砷总铬,其中铅和无机磷平均含量超过国家一类海水水质标准;表层沉积物中平均单向污染指数大小顺序为砷石油类铅铬锌汞=铜有机碳DDT镉多氯联苯硫化物,平均含量单项污染指数均小于1,主要污染物为砷、石油类、铅、铬。【结论】内梅罗指数综合评价结果显示,广西北部湾近岸海域海水处于较清洁状态,沉积物质量环境状况良好;综合评价结果显示,该海域海水处于清洁状态。     

北仑河口附近海域冬季海洋环境质量评价

【目的】调查和评价广西北仑河口近岸海域的污染状况。【方法】2011年11月从广西北仑河口附近海域在大潮期采集20个海水样品和10个表层沉积物样品,在小潮期采集17个海水样品,分别测定海水中13种元素和沉积物中10种元素的含量,采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对海水及表层沉积物污染特征进行分析和评价。【结果】在大潮期,该海域中海水平均单项污染程度依次为铅锌汞溶解氧化学耗氧量无机氮pH铜油类镉无机磷砷总铬;小潮期海域中海水平均单项污染程度依次为无机磷无机氮油类溶解氧pH化学耗氧量锌汞铅铜镉砷铬;表层沉积物中平均单向污染指数大小顺利分别为石油类铅镉硫化物有机碳锌铜砷汞铬,均达到国家一类沉积物标准,主要污染物为石油类、铅、镉。【结论】广西北仑河口近岸海域海水在大潮期处于较清洁状态,在小潮期处于轻污染状态,沉积物质量环境状况良好。     

防城港湾夏季水质及表层沉积物重金属污染评价

【目的】调查及评价广西防城港湾的重金属污染现状。【方法】2013年8月从广西防城港湾采集33个站位海水样品和11个站位表层沉积物样品,测定海水和沉积物中重金属(铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、砷)含量,再采用单因子指数法和生态风险指数法对采集的海水和沉积物污染状况进行评价。【结果】该海域海水重金属污染程度由高到低分别是PbZnHgCuCdAs,其中,Pb的平均单项污染指数均大于1,超过国家一类海水水质标准;沉积物中重金属平均含量排序为ZnPbCuAsCdHg,均符合国家一类沉积物标准;沉积物重金属污染程度排序为AsPbCuZnHgCd,即污染程度均属于低污染;潜在危害的影响程度从大到小排序为HgAsCdPbCuZn,即潜在风险较低。【结论】夏季防城港湾海洋重金属环境质量状况良好。     

北部湾防城港近岸海域海水环境参数变化与水质状况评价

根据2004～2010年北部湾防城港近岸海域的水质监测数据,对北部湾防城港近岸海域的海水环境参数变化与水质状况进行评价。检测海水环境参数:化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐、溶解氧、石油类和重金属的变化情况。结果表明,北部湾防城港近岸海域水质状况总体良好,存在的主要超标因子是无机氮和活性磷酸盐,其中北仑河口主要受到无机氮污染,防城湾主要的污染物是活性磷酸盐,珍珠湾水质较清洁,市政排污、养殖排污和工业排污是防城港近岸海域的主要污染来源。近岸海域化学需氧量、无机氮和活性磷酸盐均呈现明显上升趋势,其中无机氮和活性磷酸盐年均值增长较快,由此说明北部湾防城港近岸海域水质污染程度正逐步加大,需引起足够重视。     

钦州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征

根据钦州湾表层沉积物中重金属元素Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr、Zn监测数据,利用数理统计和surfer软件对这7中重金属元素含量及其空间分布特征进行分析与评价.结果显示,表层沉积物中Zn和Cu的含量最大值分别是182×10-6和36.7×10-6,超过《海洋沉积物质量》（GB18668-2002）一类标准,其他元素含量的最大值均符合一类标准;钦州湾内湾沉积物质量较外湾差;重金属浓度较高的区域主要为龙门水道,其次是钦江口和犀牛脚镇沿岸海域.龙门水道大部分重金属含量较高可能是由于内湾携带大量污染物的较强径流与外湾海水在此交汇沉降所致,此外,还可能与龙门水道狭窄,地形复杂,岛屿众多等因素有关.     

夏季珠江口悬浮泥沙与营养盐对生物生长影响的数模分析

了解珠江河口主要的生态影响因子与分布规律,对保护珠江口的生态环境具有重要意义.建立了一个包含氮、磷循环,并考虑悬浮泥沙造成光衰减的珠江口生态-水动力耦合模型,并进行了验证.验证结果显示,该模型能较好地模拟生态变量的分布趋势.并且,通过设置数值敏感性实验,分析悬浮泥沙和营养盐对生物生长的影响.实验结果表明,悬浮泥沙对珠江河口湾内的生物生长限制作用明显,磷酸盐对湾内与湾外的生物生长均有限制作用,在湾外海域限制作用明显;而珠江口水域相对丰富的氮盐对生物生长基本没限制.珠江口湾内水域生物生长主要受泥沙限制,湾外水域受营养盐限制,叶绿素浓度呈现从湾内往湾口递增,湾口往外递减的分布趋势,在湾口出现高值.     

胶州湾表层沉积物甲藻孢囊的分布与环境因素的相关分析

为了解胶州湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布特征与环境因素之间的关系,于2015年7月采集分析了胶州湾12个站位的沉积物甲藻孢囊样品,同时与海湾夏季、冬季的水温、盐度、水深及沉积物粒度等因素进行了相关分析。结果显示,胶州湾水深介于4.5～24.7m之间,从湾内向湾外深度逐渐加大。海水温度的季节变化较显著,夏季高冬季低,夏季呈湾内高湾外低、而冬季为湾内低而湾外较高的分布特点。海水盐度的季节变化不显著,夏、冬季的盐度均由湾内向湾外逐渐升高。沉积物主要以砂、粉砂和黏土为主,其中大部分为细颗粒的粉砂质淤泥。甲藻孢囊共记录39种(含2个未定种),优势种为膝沟藻类(Gonyaulax spp.)孢囊。胶州湾甲藻孢囊群落呈显著的空间分布特征,表现为湾口及湾外丰度较高、而湾内较低的特点。聚类分析将孢囊类群分为4组,分别为湾口湾外组及湾内3个组(湾北部组、湾西部组及湾东部组),差异度主要贡献种类为具刺膝沟藻(G.spinifera)、多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedra)和原多甲藻(Protoperidinium sp.)孢囊。相关分析表明胶州湾甲藻孢囊的丰度与夏季温度呈显著负相关(P 0.05),与冬季温度、夏季盐度及海水深度呈显著正相关(P 0.01),而与沉积物粒度相关性不显著;表明温度和盐度对胶州湾甲藻孢囊的萌发与形成具有显著影响,而其分布受到多种环境因素的综合调控。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-