全局信息分布式控制的自重构机器人运动研究

为了改进系统的性能，构建了同构阵列式模块化自重构机器人M．Cubes，该机器人具有12个自由度；结构简洁、紧凑，控制方便简单，可以构建任意的立方体结构，并对M-Cubes模块的基本运动进行了描述。搭建了基于自重构模块的分布式多智能体控制结构，根据系统的全局信息进行分布式控制，将控制分为三步，规划、协调和运动控制。结合模块的空间矢量进行路径规划，利用agent技术对模块间的相互作用进行协调，最后产生模块的翻转，实现模块的运动。利用Java3D技术建立了可视化的模块化自重构机器人仿真环境，在此平台上对模块的运动进行了仿真，给出了一个4X2X2矩形阵列模块的平移仿真示例，验证了该控制算法和仿真平台的有效性。     

自重构模块化机器人系统的空间状态及运动的研究

设计了一种新颖的同构式模块化自重构机器人系统,研究了该系统的空间状态,提出了一种基于图论的有序定点图以及特征向量矩阵法,该法能准确地描述单个模块在整个系统中的状态以及自重构机器人系统模块之间的空间拓扑连接关系．在此基础上,总结了自重构机器人模块的运动规则及描述方法,并给出了一个6模块自重构机器人系统的变形仿真例子,证明上述方法的可行性．     

自重构机器人系统自修复的拓扑空间及运动规则描述

针对一种新颖的同构式模块化自重构机器人系统,研究了一种基于图论的数学描述方法,以表示每个模块的空间位置及连接状态,进而表达全局拓扑结构;受有限状态机的启发,分析了自重构机器人系统模块的基本运动,提出了该网格型自重构模块化机器人的模块运动规则,为研究自修复算法提供了理论基础.     

模块化自重构机器人关键技术综述及研究展望

近年来，模块化自重构机器人因其构型复杂多样、运动模式丰富多变、目标构型可重构等特性而备受关注。通过对模块化自重构机器人关键技术的文献进行归纳，对现有的模块化自重构机器人关键技术进行了全面总结。首先，介绍了模块化自重构机器人的结构特点以及拓扑结构，重点分析了3种拓扑结构的优缺点以及发展趋势；其次，对自重构机器人现有的关键技术进行了综述，重点关注了模块化自重构机器人3种不同连接结构的物理原理和基本结构、机器人模块的重构算法以及重构过程的快速性3方面技术，分析总结了其优缺点以及发展现状；最后，针对自重构机器人空间在轨、抢险救灾两项任务的发展前景进行了展望，并提出未来的研究重点：1）探索连结结构的强刚度和轻质量的兼具方法，高效快速完成机器人重构过程；2）作业过程中，重构算法的高容错性和低耗能发展；3）将实时数据与所建立的动力学模型进行有机结合，对机器人进行人工调整，提高机器人的作业效率。     

混合型自重构机器人的结构设计及运动描述

设计了一种新型的混合型自重构模块化机器人.该机器人由多个相同的呈三棱柱状的主从式基本模块组成,每个主模块包括3个主驱动电动机及齿轮传动装置,每个从模块包括2个从驱动电动机及齿轮-齿条传动装置.根据齿轮、齿条不同运动速度,分析了该自重构机器人相邻2个基本模块中从模块的轴插入主模块的孔中完成对接动作的过程.基于基本模块的几何特征,描述了该自重构机器人的基本空间构型,最后仿真实现了该机器人从直线型变形为正六边形的过程.仿真结果表明,混合型自重构机器人基本模块结构设计紧凑,能对接和脱离,实现机器人的变形过程.     

基于拓扑结构的自重构模块化机器人重构策略的研究

为实现模块化机器人的高效控制与对接,在基于有向图的图论拓扑描述和连接矩阵的数学拓扑描述基础上,提出了一种新型的自重构机器人模块拓扑描述综合矩阵,它能准确的表达了机器人模块的连接方式和转角状态信息;利用综合矩阵可以找到构型的根节点,并以根节点为起点利用DFS(Depth-First-Search)得到初始构型与目标构型新的综合矩阵.并对两矩阵进行对比进而得出同构部分与重构部分.按照重构策略仅对重构部分进行重构得到目标构型.减少了参与重构的模块的数量并提高了重构效率,最后利用webots软件对模块化机器人进行仿真来验证重构策略的有效性和可行性.     

太阳能电池阵模块化自重构机器人模型的设计和运动仿真

为实现空间航天器电池阵部件的自装配与自修复,设计了一种既可用于搭载航天器太阳能电池板,又能通过相互之间的运动转换完成特定任务的正三角形三臂对接平面晶格式自重构机器人模型.每个机器人模块包含有1个中心框体和3条对接单臂,其中每条对接单臂有2个旋转运动关节和1个对接关节,共3个自由度.每条对接臂的运动互不关联,单条对接臂上2个运动关节的电机可各自独立转动.对机器人模块进行了运动规划,推导出变换矩阵,并进行了Simulink动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,该机器人相似模型可以在地面实验室条件下完成构形转换、实施对接等任务.     

基于指数积的自重构机器人的运动误差校准

模块化自重构机器人在重构过程中,由于模块的装配、连接、传动、悬臂变形、关节柔性都会影响末端执行模块的位姿误差,导致相邻模块不能正常连接,必须对末端模块位姿进行校准.为此,在模块化自重构机器人M-Cubes的“L”结构上,利用建立在连杆坐标系上的名义坐标系,将误差因素引起的旋转坐标变换和平移坐标变换对名义坐标系进行修正,...     

基于SCS的四足仿生机器人运动仿真平台

SCS(Simulation Construction Set)是Yobotics公司开发的对机械设备、仿生机械系统等复杂的多刚体系统进行运动仿真的软件包.基于SCS开发出一套面向四足仿生机器人的专用运动仿真平台,包括四足仿生机器人机构建模、基于VMC(Virtual Model Control)的动力学建模、地面接触模型及环境建模和数据处理模块设计.利用该仿真平台对一款16自由度四足仿生机器人的动态行走进行了仿真.结果表明:仿真过程流畅、快速、机器人行走平稳,验证了该仿真平台的实用性和可靠性.     

自重构机器人空间重构规划策略研究

本文基于链式自重构机器人提出了一种无标号、分布式的空间重构规划策略,研究自重构机器人的构型表达和空间重构运动.首先对自重构机器人进行了拓扑的描述,然后建立坐标系,描述整个机器人的空间状态,将重构理论从构型重构拓展到空间运动规划,来处理未知非结构环境下全局检测、控制与定位问题.最后介绍了重构规划的方法,并通过Webots对五个模块的自重构机器人系统变形进行仿真,证明了上述方法的有效性和可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.