近代外科学的发展趋势

近代外科学的发展趋势廖有谋（中华医学会杂志社前社长，编审北京１００７１０）当我们从历史的宏观角度观察外科学的发展时，不禁深深感到，近代外科学比之上世纪和本世纪前半叶，其发展是惊人的。它克服了一个又一个困难，打开了一个又一个禁区，创造了一个又一个奇迹。...     

有向哈密顿回路问题的一个充分条件及其多项式验证算法

利用自动机理论研究有向哈密顿回路问题，提出一个多项式复杂度的算法验证有向哈密顿回路问题的一个充分条件.更具体地说，将有向图建模为一个自动机，并在自动机的基础上形式化了哈密顿图的相关概念，然后提出了一个多项式复杂度的算法，检验一个自动机标记的语言的子集是否满足真子集的一个充分条件.在该算法的基础上，提出了一个多项式复杂度的算法检验哈密顿图的一个充分条件并找出相应的哈密顿回路.特别地，给出了一个判断有向图是否是哈密顿图的充分条件和一个判断有向图中的一条回路是否是哈密顿回路的充分条件.     

胡鞍钢：五大资本推动中国发展

一个国家或者一个企业发展的基础我们称之为一个国家或一个企业的资本，以往认为资本主要是物质资本。世界银行在2000年首次提出，一个国家或者一个企业，它的发展是依靠三大资本，即所谓人力资本、物质资本和自然资本。我们对这个分析框架做了一个改进，增加了两大资本：一个叫“国际资本”，反映一个国家、地区，或一个企业如何有效率地利用全球资本；另一个是“知识资本”。因为我们认为它是一个国家、一个地区或一个企业在21世纪竞争中最重要的资本。     

从期刊作用看馆藏变革

当今，世界已进入了一个崭新的信息时代，随着科学技术的发展，信息量的剧增，对信息的重要性，人们的认识水平又提高了一步。世界上无论是一个国家、一个地区也好；一个单位，甚至一个人也罢，谁获得的信息速度最快，谁拥有有价值的信息量最多，谁使用信息的能力最强，     

“健康之声”—青少年的保健医

一个国家一个民族，如果不掌握现代科学，没有先进的科学技术，一打就垮；一个国家一个民族，缺少了拥有健康体魄的人民特别是青少年，这个国家和民族就会不打自垮，更不必说国家和民族的希望与未来了!     

论四元数矩阵的正定性

本文给出了正定四元数矩阵的定义，同时给出了正定四元数矩阵的一个充要条件，一个必要条件，一个充分条件。     

数字指纹印中有追踪叛徒能力码的新构造

如何得到可以追踪盗版者的码是指纹印研究中的一个重要问题。利用Lovasz引理给出了可认定父元码存在的一个充分必要条件的一个新的证明。然后首次利用码的级联方法构造了一个新的可追踪码。最后给出了几个可追踪码存在的充分条件，经典的码存在的充分条件可以由前面给出的一个条件推出，而且当某个码满足某种性质时，还得到了一个新的码存在的充分条件，并且通过给出一个例子，表明了这样的码是存在的。     

热烈庆祝广西科学院成立30周年

弹指一挥间，1980年成立的广西科学院已经走过了三十年。回眸三十年，广西科学院因为有了上级领导和各级政府相关部门的支持，一路跋涉，风雨兼程，克服了前进道路上一个又一个的困难，经过一代又一代人的辛勤劳作和倾力奉献，创造了一个又一个的辉煌业绩。     

心理学家若干实验对学校教育的启示

“毛毛虫实验”。法国心理学专家曾经做过一个著名的“毛毛虫实验”：把许多毛毛虫放在一个花盆的边缘上，首尾相连，围成一圈，并在花盆周围不远处撒了一些毛毛虫比较爱吃的食物。毛毛虫开始一个跟着一个，绕着花盆的边缘一圈一圈地走，一小时过去了，一天过去了，又一天过去了，这些毛毛虫还是夜以继日地绕着花盆的边缘在转圈，     

品牌媒体，创新力量——南方报业传媒集团发展历程回顾

1949年10月13日，南方日报创刊，半个多世纪的沧桑岁月过去了，如今的南方报业已经成为一棵苍天大树，深深扎根于广东这块充满热情和创造力的热土。与共和国同成长，与新时代同进步，“记录历史进程，承载民族记忆”，从它一个个敏锐独特的视角，我们看到了一个大报应有的高度，从它一个一个坚实的脚步中，我们感受到了一个企业“成熟的力量”!期待南方报业能够不断成长，基业长青!     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to