苯并12-冠-4桥联的氮杂环卡宾催化ε-己内酯开环聚合研究

研究了苯并12-冠-4桥联的氮杂环卡宾催化ε-己内酯的开环聚合,重点在不同反应条件下探索了聚合反应.利用1H NMR和IR分析了聚合物的端基,推测聚合机理是"单体活化"的机理.     

八甲基环四硅氧烷/N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷的本体共聚动力学

研究了催化剂浓度、聚合温度、单体配比等因素对八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)／N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(APAEDMS)本体共聚速率的影响．同时．对聚合速率与各影响因素进行了非线性拟合．研究表明：聚合反应为1．5级；D4／APAEDMS的本体共聚机理为一伴有逐步聚合特征的阴离子聚合机理．     

三(2,6-二叔丁基芳氧基)钕催化ε-己内酯开环聚合研究

文章研究了三(2,6-二叔丁基芳氧基)钕对ε-己内酯开环聚合的催化作用,系统探索了反应条件对聚合反应的影响.用DSC和1H NMR为主要分析手段对聚合物结构进行表征.分析结果表明,ε-己内酯在Nd(ODTBP)3的催化下以"配位-酰氧键断裂-插入"机理进行.     

4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰（对-二甲氨基）苯胺]/过氧化二苯甲酰引发苯乙烯聚合及其动力学研究

研究了以4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲氨基)苯胺](ACPMA)/过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为氧化还原引发体系,苯乙烯(St)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的聚合及其动力学行为.考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度、ACPMA浓度和BPO浓度对聚合反应速率和聚合物分子量的影响,测定了反应级数和聚合反应的活化能.结果表明,在一定范围内,聚合反应速率随单体浓度增大、ACPMA浓度增大、BPO浓度增大和反应温度的升高而增大;聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增大,随ACPMA浓度的增大、BPO浓度增大和反应温度的升高而降低.该体系具有氧化还原引发体系的特征,其引发St的聚合速率方程为Rp=K[BPO]0.48[ACPMA]0.54[St]1.53,聚合反应的表观活化能Ea=39.6 kJ/mol.     

苯并15-冠-5修饰的咪唑卡宾催化2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯开环均聚的研究

研究了苯并15-冠-5修饰的咪唑卡宾催化2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯开环聚合,系统地探索了该聚合反应的特征,得到了反应的最佳条件,所得聚合物的摩尔质量较高,摩尔质量分布较窄,DSC两次扫描分析该聚合物存在两种晶型,利用~1H NMR和IR分析了聚合物的结构,推测聚合机理为"单体-活化"机理.     

三(2,4,6-三叔丁基芳氧基)钕催化ε-己内酯开环聚合特征的研究

将单组分三(2,4,6-三叔丁基芳氧基)钕用于ε-己内酯的开环均聚合,详细考察了单体浓度、单体与催化剂摩尔比以及聚合温度和时间对聚合反应的影响,得出了三(2,4,6-三叔丁基芳氧基)钕催化ε-己内酯开环聚合的最佳反应条件.     

苯并15-冠-5咪唑卡宾催化ε-己内酯开环聚合研究

首次合成了苯并15-冠-5咪唑卡宾(B15C5imY)催化剂,用苯甲醇(BnOH)作为引发剂,催化ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合,详细研究了B15C5imY/BnOH体系在不同聚合条件下对聚合反应的影响,通过1 H NMR和IR等分析手段对所得聚合物结构进行了表征分析,并推测了聚合机理.     

4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰（对-二甲基氨基）苯胺]引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合及其动力学研究

以4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲基氨基)苯胺](ACPDA)为引发剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合行为.考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度和引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量和聚合反应速率的影响,测定了反应级数和聚合反应的活化能.实验结果表明:聚合反应速率随单体浓度、ACPDA浓度的增加和反应温度的升高而加快;聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增大,随ACPDA浓度的增大和反应温度的升高而降低.ACPDA引发MMA的聚合速率方程为Rp=K[St]1.04[ACPDA]0.56,聚合反应的表观活化能Ea=86.00kJ/mol.     

TeO2薄膜非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备及聚合机制

分别以1,2-丙二醇碲和四氯化碲为原料,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TeO2薄膜.研究了非水解溶胶-凝胶聚合过程的聚合机制以及TeO2薄膜热处理过程中的微观结构变化.研究结果表明,1,2-丙二醇碲为链状齐聚团簇结构,齐聚团簇间通过非水解脱醚聚合反应形成凝胶网络;四氯化碲则先与乙醇发生部分取代反应生成中间产物氯代乙醇碲,中间产物间发生非水解脱氯代烷聚合反应形成凝胶.分析表明,2种凝胶中残余有机基团的数量和所处地位存在差异,其造成薄膜中的Te4+以不同方式还原为Te0.脱氯代烷聚合凝胶网络中残余的氯离子会造成薄膜中非桥氧数目增加,并导致Te2O5晶体析出.随着煅烧温度提高,金属Te和Te2O5分别氧化分解为TeO2,同时依次析出了β-TeO2和α-TeO2.     

N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮辐射聚合的溶剂效应

以水作溶剂,N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮辐射聚合得到了聚N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮水凝胶。以乙醇或丙酮作为溶剂时,前者情况下的聚合速度大于后者。这些现象,可用水、乙醇能与N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮形成氢键来解释。聚合反应终止动力学,不受溶剂性质的影响,都属于双分子终止反应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.