图可重构性的一点注记

设图G的顶点集为{u_1,u_2,…,u_n}。G的途径矩阵D(G):(d_(ij)是n阶方阵,此处d_(ij)是G中从u_i出发长为j的途径数,D(G)的行向量集X的子集{x_1,x_2,…,x_r}称为X的最小线性相关集,如果{x_1,x_2,…x_r}线性相关且对x的任一(r-1)之子集均是线性无关。称数r为G的最小线性相关数。当X线性无关时,定义G的最小线性相关数r=∞。对1≤i≤n,记d_i为点u_i在G中的次,G_i是图G剔除点u_i以及与u_i关联的边而得到子图。设r_i是G_i的最小线性相关数,我们有下列定理:如果存在某一数i使r_i>2d_i,则G是可重构的。特别,我们重新得到下述结果:如果存在某一子图G_,使得G_i的所有特征向量均不与C=(1,…,1)~t正交,则G是可重构的。     

三圈图的距离矩阵Inertia

令G是一个点集为V (G)={v_1,v_2,…,v_n}的连通简单图,让d_(ij)=d_G (v_i,v_j)]是图G中点vi和点vj之间的距离,图G的距离矩阵是D(G)=(d_(ij))_(n×n).用n_+(G),n_0(G),n_-(G)分别表示D(G)的所有特征值中正数、零、负数的个数。由此定义D(G)的Inertia为(n_+(G),n_0(G),n_-(G)),并且给出了围长为3的三圈图的距离矩阵的Inertia.     

关于六点未标的P阶图的重构问题

本文应用等邻集概念及补点法证明:“若给出P阶图G的6个主子图G_i(i=1,2,…,6),其中v_7,v_8,…,v_p已标号,其他的v_i未标号,则G可由G_i(i=1,2,… ,6)重构”.这一结果比文献[1]的结果更好.     

完全图上的锥的D(2)-点可区别正常边染色

设G是顶点集合为V(G)={v_(0i)|i=1,2,…,p}的简单图,n是正整数,称M_n(G)为G上的锥(或广义Mycielski图),如果V(M_n(G)={v_(01),v_(02),…,v_(0p);v_(11),v_(12),…,v_(1p);…v_(n1),v_(n2),…,v_(np),w}) E(M_n(G))=E(G)∪{v_(ij)v_((i 1)k)|v_(0j)v_(0k)∈E(G),1≤j,k≤p,i=0,1,…,n-1}∪{v_(nj)w|1≤j≤p}.在这篇文章里,我们讨论了完全图上的锥的$D(2)$-点可区别的正常边染色,并给出了相应色数.     

两类冠图的Randi■能量

设G是顶点集为V(G)={v_1,v_2,…,v_n}的简单无向图,R(G)=(r_(ij))是图G的Randi■矩阵,其中当v_i与v_j相邻时r_(ij)=1/■;否则r_(ij)=0.图G的Randi■能量RE(G)指R(G)的特征值的绝对值之和.冠图G■_1G_2是由图G_1的每个顶点与图G_2的一个拷贝的所有顶点相连得到的.本文对冠图I_r(K_n)和K■_nK_m的Randi■能量进行了研究.     

一些特殊图的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数

在寻找具有任意大色数但不含三角形的图类时,Mycielski发现了一类新的图变换,被称为图G的Mycielskian[1]图,记为μ(G)。其定义如下:对于一个图G=(V,E),顶点集V(G)={v_1,v_2,…,v_n}。则图G的Mycielskian图的顶点集为V(G)∪V'(G)∪{u},其中V'(G)={x_1,x_2,…,x_n},μ(G)的边集E(μ(G))=E(G)∪{v_ix_j:v_iv_j∈E(G)}∪{x_iu:x_i∈V'(G)},其中i,j∈{1,2,?,n}。顶点x_i叫作v_i的复制点,顶点u叫作图μ(G)的根点。文章主要研究一些特殊图(如路、圈、完全图、星图、轮图、完全二部图等)的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数。最终推导并给出一类图的Mycielskian图的彩虹顶点连通数的一个上界。     

Hamilton—图的一个充分条件

设G为n阶2-连通图,α为G的独立数.如果对于G中任意3个顶点的独立集{v_1,v_2,v_3}都有d(v_1)+d(v_2)+d(v_3)≥max{n+2,3α-2},则G是Hamilton-图。     

图的Seidel Laplacian-Estrada指标

设G为简单图,d_i表示顶点v_i的度,G的Seidel Laplacian矩阵S_L(G)是一个对角元为n-1-2d_i,非对角元为±1的实对称矩阵,当顶点v_i和v_j相邻时,(S_L(G))_(ij)=1,否则,(S_L(G))_(ij)=-1。引入并研究了Seidel Laplacian矩阵的Estrada指标,给出了该指标的上、下界,以及它与Seidel Laplacian能量之间的关系。     

可分解算子的一个算子刻划

本文证明了:定理 对T∈B(X),下列三种叙述是等价的:i)T是可分解算子.ii)对σ(T)的每个开覆盖{G_i}1≤i≤n,存在X到X中的算子组{E_i}1≤i≤n,使得(?)E_i=I;E_iX(?)(?)_T(G_i),1≤i≤n;(?),1≤i≤n.iii)对σ(T)的每个开覆盖{G_i)1≤i≤n,存在满足ii)中诸条件的,且为线性算子的组{E_i}1≤i≤n.     

关于支配圈和支配路的存在性

圈C称为图G的支配圈,若对G中任一点v,至少有圈C上的一个顶点与之邻接.类似定义图G的支配路.本文讨论了图中支配圈和支配路的存在性,得到下列结果:(1)设G是有n个顶点,ε条边的k-连通图(k≥1),若ε>((n-k)/2)~2-(3n-k)/2+4,则G中存在支配圈.(2)设G是有n个顶点的k-连通图(k≥2),若对图G中任何有k个顶点的独立点集{v_0,v_1,…v_(k-1)},满足N(v_i)∩N(v~i)=φ(0≤i≠i≤k-1),有~(k-1)∑_(i=0)d(v_i)>n-2(k+2)成立,则G中存在支配路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-