RSP分解炉结构改进和优化研究

在对RSP分解炉进行系统试验研究的基础上,针对其存在问题对分解炉进行了结构优化方面的综合探讨并确定和实施了改进方案.通过调整旋流强度、提高湍流度及增设预燃段,改善了煤粉在SC室的分散效果,显著提高了燃烧效果,阻力损失也有所降低,煤粉与气体的平均停留时间比值达8～9,SC室的煤粉燃烬度从35%提高到73%.改进后的MC室内固体粉料的分散与均布性均较理想,分解炉整体的料气停留时间比值可达6倍左右,煤粉在实际分解炉内的停留时间可达14～15.5s,保证了煤粉在分解炉内的较完全燃烧,使窑系统运转率、入窑生料分解率、煤粉燃烬度均显著提高,预热器结皮堵塞等故障率大幅度降低,熟料产量明显提高,达到了综合优化的效果.     

分解炉分级燃烧三次风配风优化

针对典型TTF分解炉,采用数值方法研究了不同三次风速下分解炉内温度场、组分场及NO_x分布特性,得到了不同三次风配风方式下分解炉分级燃烧规律和CaCO_3分解规律,确定了最佳三次风速。数值研究结果表明:不同三次风配风方式下分解炉内温度场、组分场及NO_x分布趋势一致,炉内温度合理,均能满足煤粉燃烧和生料分解;随着下三次风速的升高,分解炉内平均温度升高,生料分解效率也提高;当下三次风速升高至36 m/s时,炉内平均温度不升反降,生料分解率降低。综合考虑,下三次风速20. 1 m/s,上三次风速28. 06 m/s时,分解炉内整体平均温度较高,CaCO_3分解效率较大,生成的CaO较多,同时保证了NO_x排放量较低。     

水泥三喷腾分解炉煅烧过程数值模拟研究

为了深入研究分解炉内的煅烧过程,提高煅烧效果,运用Fluent软件对国内某水泥公司4 500 t/d TTF分解炉进行了数值建模。在选取Standard k-ε模型、离散相模型和组分传输模型模拟出流场和温度场的基础上,分析了煤粉燃烧过程及生料角度、三次风速度和温度对炉内煅烧过程的影响。结果表明:生料入射角度对分解率有较大的影响;三次风速度较大时,生料分解率和焦炭燃烬率也较高;三次风温度升高,会引起助燃空气不足,降低焦炭反应活性,从而降低燃烬率;通过优化3个参数,CaCO_3分解率达到90.3%,焦炭燃烬率达到88.0%。开展水泥分解炉煅烧过程数值模拟研究并将之应用于实际工程项目中,可为优化水泥生产工况提供理论参考,对水泥工业与资源环境的协调发展具有较大的现实意义。     

水泥分解炉入炉煤粉低位热值在线估计

为解决分解炉入炉煤粉低位热值无法实时监测的问题,通过实时监测分解炉出口温度、分解炉喷煤量、生料下料量、三次风温和三次风量的变化来监测和分析煤粉低位热值的变化,并计算煤粉低位热值的估计值。煤粉低位热值在线估计系统已经应用于工业现场,现场运行效果表明,煤粉低位热值的实际值和估计值误差很小,系统运行效果良好,对操作员起到了很好的指导作用。     

分解炉计算机辅助实验平台的研究与开发

采用Visual C 与OpenGL编写分解炉计算机辅助实验平台的前、后处理的可视化界面，采用Fortran编写求解器部分，将数值模拟过程与计算机可视化研究相结合，建立基于分解炉内气固两相流动、煤粉燃烧和碳酸钙分解的计算机辅助试验平台，为研究实际工程中分解炉内的物理化学过程提供了一种可视化的平台．     

NKSV分解炉运行机理及其改进

在系统分析NKSV分解炉气固两相运动规律及其性能特点的基础上，指出了NKSV分解炉的不足之处，提出了改进方案。结果表明：改进后的分解炉在物料分散、煤粉的燃烧环境、物料停留时间等方面均有较大改善，克服了NKSV分解炉存在的旋流强度过大的缺陷，缩口的二次喷腾作用得到了明显的体现，为分解炉的优化设计提供了指导。     

水泥分解炉入炉煤粉低位热值在线估计

为解决分解炉入炉煤粉低位热值无法实时监测的问题,通过实时监测分解炉出口温度、分解炉喷煤量、生料下料量、三次风温和三次风量的变化来监测和分析煤粉低位热值的变化,并计算煤粉低位热值的估计值。煤粉低位热值在线估计系统已经应用于工业现场,现场运行效果表明,煤粉低位热值的实际值和估计值误差很小,系统运行效果良好,对操作员起到了很好的指导作用。     

数值模拟分解炉气流紊动特性及对颗粒运动的影响

为了系统分析分解炉内窑尾烟气与三次风的掺混流态及影响煤粉、料粉颗粒运动的规律,利用紊流模型与粒子追踪模型的数值模拟方法,研究了分解炉气流紊流强度、涡量及螺旋度的沿程分布规律及颗粒的运动规律,研究表明:①窑尾烟气与三次风的耦合作用,导致掺混区的气流流态表现出强紊动特性;②紊动区内颗粒发生强烈地脉动现象;③窑尾烟气与三次风的掺混作用、边壁条件的变化均能激发颗粒的绕轴旋转特性;④煤粉与料粉颗粒在分解炉内进行"螺旋式"上升或下降运动。     

水泥分解炉内煤焦及煤粉还原NO的试验

利用模拟分解炉悬浮及喷腾条件的气固试验台对水泥行业中2种典型煤样的煤焦及煤粉再燃条件下还原NO进行了试验研究,考察了在有无生料催化作用下煤焦及煤粉还原NO的特性.研究结果表明:煤粉对NO的还原能力远强于煤焦,对不同挥发分含量的煤粉,随着挥发分含量增加,煤粉还原NO的能力增强;水泥生料对煤焦及煤粉还原NO均具有一定的催化作用,且水泥生料对挥发分较高的烟煤还原NO催化作用更强;煤焦及煤粉对NO的还原作用随温度升高而增强,且水泥生料对煤粉及煤焦还原NO的催化作用随着温度的升高而增加.     

SLC型分解炉热工特性的研究

通过冷模实验及对实际生产参数的测试,对SLC型分解炉热工特性进行研究。研究结果表明,SLC型分解炉气固两相流可分为五个区域:喷泉区、涡流区、回流区、稳流区和旋流区;三次风温直接影响喷腾床煤粉的燃烧速度;当恰当控制分解炉与空气喂煤量的比值,可降低熟料的烧成热耗。文章还分析和讨论了SLC型分解炉热工特性与结皮的关系,并提出防治措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.