不同类型地震波作用下非线性场地的行波效应分析

目前有关场地的非线性行波效应分析,大多是基于场地土的等效线性化模型.本文通过对ANSYS软件的二次开发,采用双曲线模型模拟场地土的非线性,分别选取长周期基岩地震波和普通地震波作为输入,对某深覆盖土层场地进行了行波效应分析,探讨不同类型地震波作用下深覆盖土层场地的非线性行波效应问题.本文算例结果表明:在长周期基岩地震波作用下土层地表加速度放大系数值明显大于普通地震波作用下的结果;随着视波速的减小,土层对地震波的水平加速度放大效应也是减小的,但是对于竖向加速度放大系数而言,随着视波速的减小,其放大系数是增大的;一致输入相比于行波输入有放大土层特征周期响应而抑制非特征周期区段的响应的作用.     

某沉管隧道场地土地震响应研究

采用一维剪切波理论分析了广州洲头咀隧道场地土水平地震波作用下的响应.计算结果表明:①洲头咀隧道场地土在不同超越概率的基岩加速度作用下的地震响应放大系数基本相同;②土表加速度响应谱的卓越周期比基岩加速度的卓越周期稍有左移,但幅度很小;③不同钻孔土体对于同一基岩加速度的地震响应放大系数差异较大,因此对于土层构造变化较大的场地,应适当增加钻孔密度.     

九寨沟Ms4.1级余震薛家坝场地地震动响应监测数据分析

九寨沟"8. 8"地震后余震一直持续,对灾区人民生命财产安全造成了极大地威胁,进行余震监测研究意义重大。通过对薛家坝不同地基类型、不同高程处各监测点的地震动响应分析揭示:处于深厚覆盖层场地的1#监测点记录到的峰值加速度 2#监测点参考点,说明局部范围内不同地基类型对地震波的放大效应要比地形放大效应更为显著; 1#监测点阿里亚斯强度最大值分别为2#及参考点的1. 5、5. 1倍,而处于相同地基条件的2#监测点阿里亚斯强度最大值约为参考点最大值的3. 5倍;傅氏谱分析发现:深厚覆盖层场地对地震波的放大作用强于完整基岩场地,2#监测点同一高程不同埋深对地震波具有选择放大作用,距离洞口越近放大作用越明显。     

昆明地区不同类型场地对近震大震地震反应特征对比研究

对昆明两个不同土层结构性质的场地模型输入同一个人工合成近震大震地震波的基岩地震动,得到了两个场地土层反应的地表地震动加速度时程及其反应谱,对比分析了它们的特征和差别,探讨了这两种不同性质土层在基底遭受近震大震时场地地震反应对地面运动特征的影响及其意义.     

地下水条件下平行双隧道对场地地震反应影响的分析

通过有限元方法建立含有地下水及平行双隧道结构的场地模型,在模型底部输入水平地震波,分析场地表面在均匀土和层状土两种场地条件下的加速度变化规律。研究结果表明:隧道间距大小对地面的地震反应不是单纯的放大或缩小作用,而是影响地表加速度峰值的出现位置;地下水与地下结构的存在使地表不同位置呈现不同的反映情况,且层状土场地的放大效应比均匀土要大;双隧道对地震波的反射叠加作用,场地表面产生竖向加速度,其中隧道内侧的竖向加速度要大于隧道外侧,隧道外侧的竖向加速度要大于隧道上方的竖向加速度。     

不同输入界面土层地震反应的探讨

地震安评在Ⅱ级工作中对深厚土层地震输入界面的选取规定了三种不同的方式。选用美国Northridge、Loma prieta和我国台湾Chichi地震记录作为输入地震动,并将Northridge、Loma prieta和Chichi地震波加速度时程的峰值水平调整为0.20 m/s2,0.90 m/s2和2.20 m/s2,利用程序SHAKE91对构造的理想剖面根据不同的输入地震波及不同的峰值加速度水平进行了场地地震反应分析。分析表明:对于给定的输入地震动条件,地表加速度的放大效应,在不同的输入界面,差别较大。     

软土对基岩峰值加速度的放大作用

以美国西部地震观测数据资料为基础,分别建立了基岩和深冲积层场地的峰值加速度衰减规律,探讨了深冲积层对基岩峰值加速度的放大作用.结果表明,美国2003版NEHRP规范对D类和E类场地的放大作用可能明显高估.     

堆积型滑坡地震响应的离心模型试验

基于离心振动台模型试验,采用Taft波激励,不断增大其幅值,研究不同强度地震波作用下堆积型滑坡地震响应特征,对比分析了汶川地震清溪台站基岩波结果的异同.结果表明:坡面水平向和竖直向峰值加速度放大系数均随坡高增加而增大,呈现高程放大效应;坡体内水平向峰值加速度放大系数分布与坡面不同;坡面对输入地震波有反射作用并呈现坡面浅表放大效应;基岩水平向加速度随高程增加存在增大现象,与地震动输入相比,均有缩小现象.同一高程处,坡面水平向与竖直向、坡体内及基岩水平向峰值加速度放大系数随地震波幅值的增大其变化规律不同.     

不同场地类别条件下框架结构地震响应的方向差异性研究

结构地震响应与所在场地的土层条件密切相关，而水平双向地震动作用方向的差异也会导致结构不同方向震害的差异.基于设计反应谱，选取了20组实际记录的水平双向地震动，针对基岩（Ⅰ0）、Ⅱ类以及Ⅲ类场地，对五层钢筋混凝土框架结构在双向地震动作用以及场地土层非线性效应共同影响下的地震响应进行分析，研究场地效应对地表地震动方向性以及上部结构地震响应方向性的影响.研究表明：在结构抗震设计时，不仅要考虑场地效应引起的地表地震动放大，还需要考虑场地效应引起结构地震响应的最不利方向以及方向差异性相比于基岩地震动作用时的变化；仅考虑出露基岩地震动输入的结构地震响应分析往往不安全，且忽略了场地效应对结构地震响应最不利方向的影响.     

河漫滩-阶地复合地形场地的非线性地震反应特征

以滁州市地震小区划场地为原型,针对由河漫滩、阶地、波状起伏的低丘等组成的典型复合场地,基于ABAQUS软件显式有限元并行计算平台,建立了大尺度场地二维模型,考虑土体的非线性特征,以SH波作为输入地震动,分析了河漫滩-阶地复合场地地震动力响应特征.结果表明,(1)与基岩地震动峰值加速度相比,土层近地表范围内(15m以浅)峰值加速度均表现出明显的放大现象,15m以深土层地震动放大效应随深度增加而逐渐减弱,且随深度增大,PGA放大系数值逐渐小于1.0;(2)土层峰值加速度随着深度增加非单一递减,局部土层深度地震动出现聚集效应,这一现象在河漫滩区表现比较明显;(3)场地不同区域地震动放大效应差异较大,河漫滩区地震动放大效应要明显比阶地低丘区更大;且输入地震动峰值相同时,河漫滩区反应谱特征周期要大于阶地区域,两者差距达0.05—0.15s;(4)随着输入地震动增加,反应谱谱峰向长周期方向移动明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.