地流体、封隔体和含油气系统与油气运移的关系

地流体、封隔体和含油气系统理论是 3个与油气运移密切相关的前缘地质科学理论。油气运移是盆地内的地流体活动 ,它贯穿整个油气的生成、运移、聚集和散失过程 ,直接控制着油气藏的形成 ,同时还要受盆地外地流体的影响。封隔体是盆地演化过程中地层非均匀性、不平衡压实和不均一成岩的必然产物 ;封隔体具有封闭的水动力系统 ,与外部隔绝或有限连通 ,而其内部则是相互连通 ,因此 ,它既是油气的运聚单元也是油气的勘探单元。含油气系统实际上就是一个含烃流体系统 ,油气的运移和聚集控制了含油气系统的时空范围 ,研究含油气系统的保存条件是研究含油气系统的关键     

辽河西部凹陷滩海地区复合含油气系统中的油气运移流向探讨

油气运移流向研究有助于认识含油气系统内部的油气运聚与油气分布规律。利用地震、测井和地质资料对辽河西部凹陷滩海地区含油气系统中的油气运移流向进行了研究，分析了区内现今异常压力的分布规律，并用逐层回剥的方法恢复了Es3＋4和Es1＋2的流体势。研究结果表明，异常高压和流体势的展布规律显示了油气主要沿着几个优势运移通道运移，笔架岭-西部斜坡带、双台子和中央低凸起等构造带是油气运聚的有利部位，其中以向中央低凸起上的运移优势最为显著。研究区主要存在断裂带、横向连通的储集体和区域不整合面3类输导层，这3种输导层往往相互配合完成对油气的输导。油气输导层与优势油气运移通道往往形成统一的油气输导体系，极大地促进了油气输导的效率。油气勘探成果证明，研究区内油气运移的主要流向与有利油气赋存单元的分布相吻合，主要含油气单元围绕海南生烃中心成环带状分布，有利于指导后期油气勘探和勘探目标的优选。     

辽河西部凹陷滩海地区复合含油气系统中的油气运移流向探讨

油气运移流向研究有助于认识含油气系统内部的油气运聚与油气分布规律。利用地震、测井和地质资料对辽河西部凹陷滩海地区含油气系统中的油气运移流向进行了研究,分析了区内现今异常压力的分布规律,并用逐层回剥的方法恢复了Es3+4和Es1+2的流体势。研究结果表明,异常高压和流体势的展布规律显示了油气主要沿着几个优势运移通道运移,笔架岭-西部斜坡带、双台子和中央低凸起等构造带是油气运聚的有利部位,其中以向中央低凸起上的运移优势最为显著。研究区主要存在断裂带、横向连通的储集体和区域不整合面3类输导层,这3种输导层往往相互配合完成对油气的输导。油气输导层与优势油气运移通道往往形成统一的油气输导体系,极大地促进了油气输导的效率。油气勘探成果证明,研究区内油气运移的主要流向与有利油气赋存单元的分布相吻合,主要含油气单元围绕海南生烃中心成环带状分布,有利于指导后期油气勘探和勘探目标的优选。     

应用流体包裹体研究古流体势及油气运移

依靠沉积相、沉积微相以及实测地层压力的差异对鄂尔多斯盆地古生界含油气系统进行划分，论证了奥陶系天然气藏落在一个含油气压力系统中。根据包裹体镜下观察、显微测温数据及激光拉曼成分测试数据的内在联系，将鄂尔多斯古生界沉积岩包裹体划分为9期次，在此基础上，利用包裹体地球化学数据计划了研究区4个期次的古流体势，进而根据古流体势判别研究区下古生界天然气成藏时期流体运聚情况。将运用沉积岩中流体包裹体研究油气运聚的方法系统归结为含油气压力系统的划分、运移期次分析和运聚方向判定等三方面的内容。     

含油气沉积盆地流体包裹体及应用

近年来,（有机）流体包裹体在含油气沉积盆地分析研究中的作用日愈重要。首先论述了流体包裹体应用于盆地分析的理论基础,然后简介了流体包裹体的研究方法,最后讨论了流体包裹体在油气生成、运移及勘探、评价方面的应用。     

高邮凹陷古水动力场及其与油气运聚的关系

含油气盆地地下水动力场与油气的运移、聚集和分布规律关系密切。在地层水水化学特征研究的基础上，对高邮凹陷油气主运移期的古水动力场分布及其对油气运聚的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在油气大规模运移期，高邮凹陷为典型的不对称型压实流-重力流盆地，形成了上、下两个含油气系统水动力场。在纵向上和平面上，各亚水动力场具有泥岩压榨水离心流、越流泄水、越流-蒸发泄水、大气水下渗向心流等局部水动力单元类型，油气的运移、聚集与压实流及其末端的越流泄水区紧密相关。同时还指出，盆地的内斜坡和北斜坡外侧等地区是今后上含油气系统的勘探潜力区；沙埝以北、柘垛以及码头庄以西等地区是下含油气系统的潜力区，且对下含油气系统应加强深层油气藏的勘探与研究。     

贝尔凹陷含油气系统划分及特征

根据含油气系统划分的基本方法,海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷可以划出3个含油气系统,即铜钵庙组含油气系统、南屯组含油气系统、大磨拐河组含油气系统.3个含油气系统的关键时刻趋于一致,均为伊敏组末期.油气运聚单元的划分有利于认识盆地内油气的分布聚集规律,根据油气运移分隔槽及隔挡条件,可将铜钵庙组含油气系统划分为2个油气运聚单元,南屯组含油气系统划分为6个油气运聚单元,大磨拐河组含油气系统划分为3个油气运聚单元.     

高邮凹陷古水动力场及其与油气运聚的关系

含油气盆地地下水动力场与油气的运移、聚集和分布规律关系密切.在地层水水化学特征研究的基础上,对高邮凹陷油气主运移期的古水动力场分布及其对油气运聚的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在油气大规模运移期,高邮凹陷为典型的不对称型压实流-重力流盆地,形成了上、下两个含油气系统水动力场.在纵向上和平面上,各亚水动力场具有泥岩压榨水离心流、越流泄水、越流-蒸发泄水、大气水下渗向心流等局部水动力单元类型,油气的运移、聚集与压实流及其末端的越流泄水区紧密相关.同时还指出,盆地的内斜坡和北斜坡外侧等地区是今后上含油气系统的勘探潜力区;沙埝以北、柘垛以及码头庄以西等地区是下含油气系统的潜力区,且对下含油气系统应加强深层油气藏的勘探与研究.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘风城组含油气系统三叠纪末期油气输导体系

对准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪末期的压实驱动型成藏动力系统进行了研究。研究结果表明，根据输导格架(连通砂体、不整合面、断裂等)空间上的配置关系和相互组合形式，探讨了压实驱动型成藏动力系统油气输导体系特征，划分出3种输导体系类型，确定了其分布范围。乌-夏地区油气是通过断裂-砂体输导体系进行运移；克拉玛依及其斜坡区域的油气是以连通砂体-不整合面为主要输导体系；百口泉地区、凹陷内部的油气以连通砂体为主要输导体系。该区三叠纪末期油气主要沿夏子街地区砂体-断裂输导体系运移，油气分布与输导体系密切相关。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘风城组含油气系统三叠纪末期油气输导体系

对准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪末期的压实驱动型成藏动力系统进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,根据输导格架(连通砂体、不整合面、断裂等 )空间上的配置关系和相互组合形式 ,探讨了压实驱动型成藏动力系统油气输导体系特征 ,划分出 3种输导体系类型 ,确定了其分布范围。乌夏地区油气是通过断裂砂体输导体系进行运移 ;克拉玛依及其斜坡区域的油气是以连通砂体不整合面为主要输导体系 ;百口泉地区、凹陷内部的油气以连通砂体为主要输导体系。该区三叠纪末期油气主要沿夏子街地区砂体断裂输导体系运移 ,油气分布与输导体系密切相关     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.