荷叶碱的分离纯化与HPLC检测

以荷叶为原料,研究了提取方法、提取溶剂的种类、浓度、pH、提取温度等对荷叶碱提取率的影响。采用强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂、HPD-100大孔吸附树脂和硅胶柱层析的方法对荷叶碱进行了分离纯化,并用TLC法、紫外光谱法、红外光谱法以及高效液相色谱法对实验结果进行了检测。结果表明,pH为2.0的50%乙醇水浴回流法适于荷叶碱的提取,阳离子交换树脂和硅胶柱层析组合技术可分离纯化得到纯度为94.15%的荷叶碱。     

金银花叶茎藤中黄酮与绿原酸同时提取分离工艺

超声辅助乙醇提取金银花叶茎藤中的绿原酸与黄酮,乙酸乙酯萃取分离黄酮与绿原酸,D101大孔树脂梯度洗脱绿原酸与黄酮,乙醇及正己烷分相法纯化黄酮与绿原酸.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取可将金银花叶茎藤中的黄酮与绿原酸较好的分离,经D101大孔树脂吸附、50%乙醇洗脱、浓缩过滤、沉淀用乙醇重结晶后得到的水溶型黄酮纯度达84.5%;经D101大孔树脂吸附、70%乙醇洗脱、浓缩干燥、pH值2.97条件下乙酸乙酯萃取、正己烷分相后,得到的绿原酸纯度达91.2%.方法已用于金银花叶藤中黄酮与绿原酸的同时提取、分离与纯化,结果满意.     

大孔吸附树脂法纯化甲基莲心碱的工艺研究

筛选适用于分离纯化甲基莲心碱的大孔吸附树脂.考察吸附性能较好的HPD-600、D101、AB-8三种大孔吸附树脂对甲基莲心碱的解吸附能力及洗脱参数,并用HPLC-UV定量分析甲基莲心碱的含量.D101树脂对甲基莲心碱有较好的吸附分离效果.莲子心提取液调节p H值至11,经大孔吸附树脂吸附后,分别用4BV的蒸馏水、5BV的60%乙醇洗脱,洗脱率为83.11%,收率为34.6%,甲基莲心碱纯度从16.8%提高到70.0%,纯度提高了约3.3倍.该工艺简单可行,分离效果好,适合甲基莲心碱的分离纯化.     

半枝莲中黄酮成分的提取纯化及LC-MS检测

提取纯化半枝莲中的黄酮成分.方法：采用醇提法提取半枝莲中的黄酮成分,利用大孔树脂法分离纯化,运用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS）进行检测.结果：半枝莲黄酮成分主要存在于20%乙醇洗脱部分和40%乙醇洗脱部分.结论：结果说明此提取纯化方法具有可行性.     

环糊精键合凝胶介质分离纯化黄酮类化合物

本文探讨了利用环糊精键合凝胶介质分离纯化葛根素、表没食子儿茶素以及槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素.采用7%醋酸作为流动相,寡聚β环糊精键合Sepharose HP介质,可以从葛根黄酮中分离葛根素,制备得到葛根素的纯度大于97%,整个制备工艺收率为32.4%.该介质同样还能够在甲醇-乙酸乙酯-水-醋酸(30:30:30:10)的条件下分离茶多酚中的表没食子儿茶素.采用β环糊精键合Supersoe12pg介质,甲醇-0.1mol/L醋酸钠(80:20)流动相可以从银杏黄酮水解液中分离3种主要苷元:槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素,且它们的纯度均大于90%.表明该介质具有一定的通用性.以葛根素为例探讨了环糊精键合凝胶介质分离黄酮类化合物的机理,表明氢键作用和疏水作用共同支配着分离过程.     

辣椒碱的分离纯化及分析

本实验将辣椒碱从辣椒中分离纯化出来,经气相色谱和质谱联机检测,该辣椒碱纯度达到９８％以上。主要由３种类似物组成：降二氢辣椒素,占总量的５．９７％,辣椒素,占总量的５７．３０％,二氢辣椒素,占总量的３５．０８％。     

荷叶生物碱的研究进展

概述了荷叶生物碱的化学成分及其减肥、降脂、降血压、抑菌、抗衰老等保健作用以及荷叶生物碱的提取、分离技术的研究进展，为荷叶生物碱的合理开发利用提供参考.     

制备型高效液相色谱法分离纯化绿原酸

采用制备高效液相色谱技术,从杜仲叶提取物中分离纯化得到高纯活性成分绿原酸.对制备色谱的洗脱方式、洗脱剂组成、浓度、洗脱速度等参数进行优化,提出并应用了流动相速度梯度洗脱方法.最佳操作条件为:采用流速梯度进行洗脱,流速先为28 mL/min,然后为45 mL/min;流动相为15%的有机酸B和 0.1%的有机酸E(体积分数);测定波长为254 nm;进样体积为10 mL;进样量为2500 mg.通过该工艺分离纯化,制备回收率为83.3%,相对标准偏差为3.1%,绿原酸的纯度达98.61%,同时可得到杜仲叶黄酮、桃叶珊瑚甙等副产品.     

香青兰总黄酮的分离纯化及其初步药效学实验研究

为优化香青兰总黄酮分离纯化的最佳工艺。采用田蓟苷等6种黄酮成分的转移率和含量为指标,以聚酰胺柱层析为分离纯化方法,单因素优选香青兰总黄酮的纯化工艺。采取结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支造心肌缺血模型,评价香青兰总黄酮纯化物抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用。结果显示,浸膏与聚酰胺用量比为1∶3,乙醇洗脱的浓度为50%,洗脱溶剂倍量为10BV,香青兰总黄酮分离纯度提高到32.94%,转移率为83.34%。香青兰总黄酮纯化物在20-40 mg/kg给药范围内,对心肌缺血性损伤具有一定保护作用。由此可知,该工艺合理、简便、可行,纯化后的香青兰总黄酮对心肌缺血性损伤模型具有明显保护。     

小腊树黄酮的分离纯化及抗氧化研究

研究了大孔树脂分离纯化小腊树黄酮的工艺,以及纯化前后对DPPH自由基的清除作用.结果表明:AB-8型树脂是分离纯化黄酮的适宜大孔树脂;AB-8型大孔树脂分离纯化黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:提取物上样量为6BV(以湿树脂体积计),先用水淋洗,再用30%的乙醇洗脱,洗脱剂用量为3.3倍湿树脂体积.纯化后黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除效果要低于纯化前.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.