牛结核分支杆菌临床分离株rpsL，rpoB，KatG基因突变分析

采用噬菌体生物扩增法对本实验室分离鉴定的25株奶牛结核分支杆菌进行药敏分析,检测出14株耐链霉素、利福平、异烟肼菌株．用PCR扩增耐药株的rpsL基因片段（370bp）、rpoB基因片段（213bp）和KatG基因片段（458bp）,并对目的片段进行测序分析,其中5株耐链霉素菌株的rpsL基因在43位点发生突变,均由赖氨酸密码子（AAG）突变为精氨酸密码子（AGG）;5株利福平耐药株的rpoB基因在531位点、526位点、5¨位点发生突变,其中有3株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点发生点突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在526位点发生突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点和511位点发生了较为少见的联合突变;4株异烟肼耐药菌株,其中2株在315位点发生碱基突变,2株在463位点发生碱基突变．     

淀粉聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定耐热糖化酶组分

采用微波诱变筛选出一突变株,该突变株粗酶液的最适作用温度比出发株的高20℃;建立了一种Starch-PAGE检测粗酶液中具有糖化酶活性组分的方法,测定出突变株含有4个糖化酶组分;并建立了SDS-Starch-PAGE检测耐热糖化酶组分的方法,鉴定出突变株含有3个耐热糖化酶组分.     

木聚糖酶高产突变株酶学特性研究

野生株木聚糖酶最适pH为5.4,在7.0-10.0范围内稳定;而突变株最适pH为6.0,在6.0-10.0范围内稳定。最适温度均为52℃,在20-50℃间比较稳定。在40℃保温24h,野生株剩余活力为57%,突变株为86%;电泳表明,突变株酶液中蛋白质种类与野生株差别较大;木聚糖酶谱检测也发现,突变株粗酶液中有两种类型木聚糖酶,而野生株中只有一种。     

赖氨酸对果胶酶产生菌Asp.3.396白孢子突变株生长及产酶的影响

果胶酶产生菌Asp,3.396经辐射诱变,筛选出一株白色孢子突变株,该突变株孢子为白色,酶液的色泽较浅,此种突变株性状有利于果品加工工艺,可提高果汁果酒等产品质量,但该突变株生长周期较长,产酶性能不稳定,当培养基内加入赖氨酸后,此突变株生长发育好,产酶期提前,产酶性能稳定,其酶液加入到苹果等五种果实后,显著提高了出汁率,并对草莓和柑桔果实的果汁澄清度也有所提高。     

γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌株的选育和发酵培养基的初步优化

以实验室保藏的一株枯草芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,采用紫外、亚硝基胍以及60Coγ射线对其进行复合诱变,获得一株γ-聚谷氨酸高产突变株,在基础培养基中产量是出发菌株的3.11倍,并且突变株经过传代10次,发酵能力稳定;通过正交试验对突变株的发酵培养基进行了初步优化,突变株在一组培养基上的γ-聚谷氨酸产量可达到33.81g/L,是优化前的1.11倍。该突变株的摇瓶发酵产量较高,值得深入开发研究。     

纤细裸藻褪色突变株的残留质体及其对核基因表达的影响

用氧氟沙星(Ofl)和链霉素(Sm)分别处理纤细裸藻获得褪色突变株.电子显微镜观察显示细胞中存在残留质体,其中一个Ofl突变株质体有原初类囊体膜形成,而两个Sm突变株质体内有异常致密、发达的膜结构.用PCR方法检查了质体DNA的9个基因,显示所有突变株均有核糖体蛋白基因丢失,其中一个Sm突变株仍保留质体DNA的大部分基因,其余突变株质体DNA则基本丢失.通过差异显示和RT-PCR方法证明叶绿体的退化在完全黑暗异养条件下也可导致某些核基因转录的变化.     

结核分枝杆菌临床分离株链霉素耐药性的检测及耐药基因突变位点分析

为检测结核分枝杆菌链霉素(streptomycin,SM)耐药性,分析耐药基因突变,探讨DNA测序分析技术在结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性检测中的应用价值。采用方法:1、用传统的比例法药敏试验对49株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行链霉素耐药性检测。2、用DNA测序分析技术对49株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行链霉素耐药相关基因Rpsl和rrs的突变位点分析,筛查耐药相关突变位点。3、探讨DNA测序分析技术对结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行链霉素耐药性检测的效率。结果:1、传统比例法药敏试验结果显示,49株实验菌株中16株为链霉素耐药株,33株为链霉素敏感株。2、Rpsl基因DNA测序。结果显示:Rpsl基因只存在一个突变位点,为第43位密码子AAG的突变,突变形式为AAG→AGG,氨基酸由赖氨酸(Lys)变为精氨酸(Arg)。rrs基因DNA测序结果发现:rrs基因共存在5个突变位点,分别为第513位碱基A突变为G、第523位碱基A缺失、第598位碱基A突变为G、第599位碱基A缺失、第612位碱基A缺失,其中第513位碱基突变只存在于链霉素耐药株中,其余4个突变位点在耐药株和敏感株中均存在。即初步认为Rpsl基因第43位密码子的突变及rrs基因第513位碱基的突变与结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性有关。3、分析Rpsl基因和rrs基因突变与结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性之间的关系,结果显示:16株链霉素耐药株中13株存在Rpsl基因第43位密码子的突变,1株存在rrs基因第513位碱基的突变。以传统的比例法药敏结果为参照,以DNA测序分析Rpsl基因或rrs基因发现Ppsl基因发生第43位密码子或rrs基因第513位碱基突变为判断菌株耐药的标准,DNA测序分析技术对结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性检测的敏感性为87.5%,特异性为96.97%。由此可知,初步认为Rpsl基因第43位密码子的突变及rrs基因第513位碱基的突变与结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性有关。用DNA测序分析结核分枝杆菌Rpsl基因和rrs基因链霉素耐药相关突变,判断结核杆菌链霉素耐药性具有较好的灵敏度和特异性,耗时短,在链霉素耐药结核病的快速诊断方面具有一定的应用价值。     

西安地区耐利福平结核杆菌rpoB基因突变特点

目的 阐明结核分枝杆茵耐利福平菌株rpoB基因的突变特征.方法 对包含81bp的利福平抗药性决定区(rifampicin-resistance determining region,RRDR)的30株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株rpoB基因的PCR产物进行测序分析.结果 18株耐利福平菌株中,除一株发生了513,514位密码子的缺失突变外,其他菌株均发生了单核甘酸替换(单点突变),并且这些突变均发生在rpoB基因的RRDR区内.其中531,526,516位密码子的突变率分别为44.4%,27.8%,16.7%,它们之和为88.9%;12株利福平敏感株中有3株检出了与耐药性有关的基因突变.结论 西安地区结核分枝杆菌耐利福平菌株rpoB基因突变以点突变为主,缺失突变则比较少见.最为常见的突变分别位于531位、526位和516位密码子,其中531位密码子的突变率同其他位相比占有明显优势,且531住TCG→TTG突变在rpoB基因所有突变类型中具有最高的突变频率.     

CVB1 5''''-UTR的突变对病毒毒力的影响

目的：构建CVB15’-UTR突变的变异毒株，并考察其毒力的变化．方法：通过对CVB1的感染性克隆质粒PN14的CVB15’-UTR特定的几个碱基进行定点诱变，获得二株突变的质粒C、G，然后分别转染HaLa细胞获得变异的CVB1毒株，比较三者的毒力．结果：成功地构建了两株仍具有感染性的CVB15’-UTR突变的变异毒株C和G，空斑形成实验的结果表明无论是空斑的数目还是其直径，在36h和48h，C株均显高于另一突变株G及标准株PN14（P〈0．05），在60h时，两突变株均高于标准株（P〈0．05），而突变株间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）．结论：变异毒株C、G仍然具有感染性，而且毒力明显增强，突变株之问的毒力虽然无显著性差异，但是C株的感染力却明显高于另一突变株G和标准株PNl4．     

Lactococcus lactis N8 fhuR基因的突变及其生物学功能的研究

利用人工Mu转座技术获得Lactococcus lactis N8菌株的fhuR基因插入突变株(L.lactis N8:△fhuR).对突变株和野生株进行了nisin产量生物测定,nisin荧光定量检测以及nisin耐受性检测.结果表明突变株的生长情况、nisin总体产量、单个细胞nisin表达量以及菌体对nisin耐受性相对于野生株都明显降低.在培养基中补加甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸可使该突变株的生长状态、nisin总体产量及菌体对nisin的耐受性水平得到不同程度的回复.乳酸菌Biolog和生化鉴定的结果显示突变株在一些营养物质的利用上与野生株存在着重大差异.这些结果表明fhuR基因在nisin生物合成过程中具有重要作用.     

一株耐酸L-乳酸生产菌的Co60诱变选育

对嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CICC 6005菌株进行Co60诱变,从突变体中选育得到1株生长快速的耐酸突变菌株LS-8.该菌株在pH值3.6的条件下发酵72h、在pH值3.8的条件下发酵104h,L-乳酸产量分别达9.2 g/L和16.5g/L.     

Protein synthesis required to anchor a mutant p53 protein which is temperature-sensitive for nuclear transport

The p53 protein is rendered temperature-sensitive by a point mutation. Rat cells transformed by this mutant p53 and an activated ras oncogene grow well at 37 degrees C but cease DNA synthesis and cell division when shifted to 32 degrees C. Immunostaining demonstrates that the mutant p53 protein is in the nucleus of the arrested cells at 32 degrees C but in the cytoplasm of the growing cells at 37 degrees C. This is the first example of a protein which is temperature-sensitive for nuclear transport. The translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and vice versa occurs 6 h after temperature shift and is coincident with the inhibition of DNA synthesis; transport from cytoplasm to nucleus does not require protein synthesis. Remarkably, inhibition of protein synthesis at 37 degrees C also results in the rapid appearance of mutant p53 in the cell nucleus. These results suggest the presence of a short-lived protein responsible for holding p53 in the cytoplasm at 37 degrees C but not at 32 degrees C. Analysis of a non-temperature-sensitive mutant p53 protein shows that its cytoplasmic location is sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors but not to temperature.     

石油烷烃发酵生产长链二羧酸

热带假丝酵母ＬＨ１０和ＬＨ１２，在以正十四烷、正十六烷为唯一碳源的培养基中生长，可产生相应的长链二羧酸．ＬＨ１２经ＨＮＯ２诱变选育，得到１株利用正十四烷的突变株ＬＨ．在正交设计法试验获得的适宜培基配方中，发酵产生的ＤＣ１４产量为２８．７０ｇ·Ｌ－１．     

一种具有抗肿瘤活性的新型尿激酶原Kringle结构域变体蛋白的研究

利用PCR技术获得人尿激酶原Kringle结构域基因,将其克隆至具有T7启动子的表达质粒pET29a中,并进而插入plasminogen Kringle 5一段16肽片段构建了其变体,重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,经IPTG诱导表达,其产物以包涵体形式存在．通过体外复性,得到可溶性的prourokinase Kringle及其变体．所得蛋白质经过动物肿瘤模型测活,确定变体蛋白具有抑制肿瘤生长作用．     

发酵木糖高产乙醇树干毕赤酵母菌株的Co60诱变选育

【目的】选育能够利用木糖高产乙醇的酵母菌株。【方法】采用Co60诱变树干毕赤酵母(Pichia stipitis),筛选乙醇产量高的突变菌株,并对原始菌株、突变菌株的生长发酵特性和两个菌株对高浓度木糖、乙醇的耐受性进行比较。【结果】在YPX培养基上筛选获得1株能够高效发酵木糖的突变菌株1K-9。该菌株在50mL 15%FM发酵84h,发酵液乙醇含量最高达(51.034±0.112)g/L,比原始菌株提高10.05%;在500mL 15%FM发酵96h,乙醇含量最高达(51.390±0.119)g/L;在500mL 20%FM发酵156h,乙醇含量最高达(52.496±0.513)g/L。菌株1K-9在HSM培养基或含4%~5%乙醇的YPX培养基中生长良好,在含6%~7%乙醇的YPX培养基中生长缓慢。【结论】Co60诱变对于树干毕赤酵母(Pichia stipitis)菌株是有效的,能选育出木糖高产乙醇酵母菌株1K-9。     

Early developmental arrest of mammalian limbs lacking HoxA/HoxD gene function

Vertebrate HoxA and HoxD cluster genes are required for proper limb development. However, early lethality, compensation and redundancy have made a full assessment of their function difficult. Here we describe mice that are lacking all Hoxa and Hoxd functions in their forelimbs. We show that such limbs are arrested early in their developmental patterning and display severe truncations of distal elements, partly owing to the absence of Sonic hedgehog expression. These results indicate that the evolutionary recruitment of Hox gene function into growing appendages might have been crucial in implementing hedgehog signalling, subsequently leading to the distal extension of tetrapod appendages. Accordingly, these mutant limbs may be reminiscent of an ancestral trunk extension, related to that proposed for arthropods.     

Molecular cloning of rice cDNAs related to pollen development using the subtraction hybridization technique

The meiotic stage of pollen mother cell is a very important stage in controlling the development and formation of pollen. In order to clone the rice cDNA(s) of this stage, a normal rice, Annong N and its thermosensitive mutant, Annong S-1 were used as the plant material. The mRNA has been extracted from the young panicle at the meiotic stage. By using the cDNA subtraction hybridization technique, three cDNA fragments, RP-1, RP-2 and RP-3 have been successfully cloned from Annong N. Northern blot analysis reveals that the mRNA of these three clones are expressed only in anthers, and not leaves. The mRNA levels of these clones are lower in anthers of Annong S-1 than in Annong N. Furthermore, the amount of mRNA extracted from anthers of Annong S-1 growing under high temperature (28℃) is lower than plants growing at lower temperature (25℃). Sequence analysis and homology search indicate that these three clones display no similarity to the current database. It is concluded that the three novel cDNA cloned are related to pollen development in rice.     

Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth

Cell expansion is a central process in plant morphogenesis, and the elongation of roots and root hairs is essential for uptake of minerals and water from the soil. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular store is required for (and sets the rates of) cell elongation in roots. Arabidopsis thaliana rhd2 mutants are defective in Ca2+ uptake and consequently cell expansion is compromised--rhd2 mutants have short root hairs and stunted roots. To determine the regulation of Ca2+ acquisition in growing root cells we show here that RHD2 is an NADPH oxidase, a protein that transfers electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ROS accumulate in growing wild-type (WT) root hairs but their levels are markedly decreased in rhd2 mutants. Blocking the activity of the NADPH oxidase with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibits ROS formation and phenocopies Rhd2-. Treatment of rhd2 roots with ROS partly suppresses the mutant phenotype and stimulates the activity of plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels, the predominant root Ca2+ acquisition system. This indicates that NADPH oxidases control development by making ROS that regulate plant cell expansion through the activation of Ca2+ channels.     

Effect of kinase-negativeEGFR gene on differentiation of embryonic germ cell line EG4

EG4 cells derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) of 10.5 d post coitum 129/svJ mouse embryos can be used as a model system for in vitro differentiation study due to their pluripotential development ability. EG4 cell lines with stable expression of kinase-negative EGFR cDNA, designated EG4-EGFR^d, were generated by gene transfection. We found that: (ⅰ) EG4-EGFR^d cells share the similar morphology and growing character with wildtype cells that can maintain undifferentiated state in long term culture. (ⅱ) Treatment of EG4 cells with RA resulted in differentiation of adipocyte, while in mutant clones of EG4-EGFR^d, adipocytes were sparse or absent under the same condition, indicating the role of EGFR expressed during adipocyte development. (ⅲ) Histological analysis showed that predominant tissues in teratocarcinomas derived from EG4-EGFR^d cells and wildtype cells are different. A large amount of undifferentiated cells was present in those coming from mutant cell clones. In addition some cardiac and skeletal muscles are prominently differentiated cell types. EG4 wildtype cells produced multiple differentiated cell types of three primary germ layers such as cartilage, epithelia and neural tube. These studies suggested that EGFR-dependent differentiation was inhibited in kinase-negative EG4 cells.