十二烷基胺/高岭石插层复合物的合成及其表征

利用极性有机大分子十二烷基胺插层高岭石,合成十二烷基胺/高岭石插层复合物.并运用XRD、FT-IR、TG、DSC等技术表征反应过程和产物特征.经十二烷基胺插层后,高岭石的doo1值由0.717 nm增加为2.280 nm,层间距增加1.563 nm,插层率为70％；十二烷基胺以NH基团与高岭石四面体Si-O基形成氢键；高岭石/十二烷基胺插层复合物在215℃以下是稳定的.     

高岭石-乙酸钾插层复合物的研制

研究高岭石-乙酸钾插层复合物的制备和表征方法,讨论时间和温度对插层反应的影响.实验结果表明,在水的参与下,乙酸钾可以直接插入高岭石层间,使高岭石的d001值由0.722 3 nm增加到1.160 0 nm左右,插层率可达90%以上.红外光谱显示,水和乙酸钾共同插入到高岭石的层间,并与高岭石的内表面羟基形成了氢键.所制备出的高岭石-乙酸钾插层复合物,可以直接用作高岭石-有机物插层复合物的前驱体.     

高岭石-DMSO插层复合物的制备与表征

制备并表征高岭石-二甲基亚砜插层复合物,讨论二甲基亚砜与水的体积比、捕层时间和插层温度对捕层反应的影响.实验结果表明:二甲基亚砜(DMSO)可以很容易地直接插入高岭石层间,使高岭石的层间距由0.695 0 nm增加到1.085 1 nm;采用超细粉碎高岭石可以大幅度降低DMSO的浓度,提高插层率,如果反应条件控制得当,...     

微波诱导快速制备高岭石/二甲亚砜插层复合物

首次将微波技术引入到制备高岭石/有机物插层复合材料的研究.采用微波诱导二甲亚砜(DMSO)对高岭石进行插层,大大缩短了处理时间,且达到了较理想的插层效果.研究发现,微波诱导插层时间为30 min时,插层率即可达到75%以上;同时使用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG/DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段,对插层复合物进行表征,进一步研究微波在反应中的作用;还发现微波在反应中对高岭石具有剥片效果.     

有机蒙脱石的制备及性能表征

测定了无机蒙脱石(MMT)的阳离子交换容量(CEC为1.049 mmol/g),以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作插层剂,分别考察了悬浊液的酸碱度、插层剂用量、插层次数及搅拌方式对MMT的层间距d001的影响,用X-射线衍射对插层结果进行表征.结果表明,当插层剂的摩尔数与无机MMT的CEC之比为1∶1、插层温度70~80℃时,用稀的NaOH溶液调节MMT悬浊液的pH值为12,先在水相用四甲基铵进行插层,抽滤、充分洗涤,然后将滤饼分散在体积分数为70%乙醇溶液中,再用自制的酯基季铵盐进行二次插层,用均质器高速搅拌,搅拌速度约5 000 r/min,每次插层时间为1 h.在该条件下制备的有机MMT的d001达3.5 nm左右,且无机MMT的一级衍射峰完全消失.     

高岭石层间尿素-水体系的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学（MD）方法对尿素-高岭石和尿素-水-高岭石两个体系进行模拟,计算结果表明,在300K时,高岭石平衡层间距随着尿素分子的增多不断增大,增幅逐渐减小;尿素在水溶液中的摩尔分率在0.58左右时高岭石平衡层间距有最大值。尿素在高岭石片层间成双层分布,分别通过O=C键和N—H键与高岭石表面原子形成氢键。水在层间主体相成三层分布,有部分水分子吸附在高岭石表面上。     

插层高岭土的制备及其电流变性能

以肼为客体采用水热法对高岭土进行插层处理,获得插层率较高的插层高岭土.以插层高岭土为分散质、甲基硅油为连续相制备复合电流变液.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、电流变液测试装置等对插层高岭土进行结构表征及电流变液性能分析.讨论水热处理温度、肼质量分数、酸碱度对插层率的影响,以及高岭土插层对电流变液效应的作用.结果表明,在160℃的条件下,用质量分数为50%的肼溶液插层处理高岭土可以得到插层率59%的插层高岭土;水热法在肼插层高岭土制备方面效果明显;肼分子进入到高岭土层间,导致其层间距由0.714 nm增加至1.037 nm;插层高岭土电流变液的电流变性能明显优于未插层高岭土电流变液.     

有机蒙脱土的制备及其结构表征

为增加蒙脱土与有机相的相容性,制备有机蒙脱土,并观察蒙脱土的层状结构在有机化前后的变化.以钠基蒙脱土为原料,用季铵盐、有机胺和复合试剂作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土层间的Na+交换,制备出一系列有机蒙脱土,并对其结构进行表征.FTIR证明有机插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间.XRD结果表明蒙脱土的层间距由1.2 nm增加到1.7～4.2 nm.TEM观察也表明蒙脱土的层间距增大,粒层厚度约为50 nm左右.研究结果表明选择高交换容量的钠基蒙脱土和合适的插层剂,制备的有机蒙脱土层间距增加明显.     

己内酰胺插层有机膨润土复合材料的研制及其对甲基橙的吸附

以钠基膨润土为原料,用不同的表面活性剂进行有机改性,己内酰胺进行插层,制得插层有机膨润土复合材料.用分光光度法分析插层膨润土对染料废水的脱色性能,并探讨了反应温度、废水pH值、表面活性剂和插层剂的配比、振荡时间等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:反应温度为70 ℃、废水pH值为6、插层剂和表面活性剂的配比为2∶1、振荡时间为1 h时,对甲基橙吸附率可达95.6%,对实际废水的脱色率达91.5%.     

蛭石的热双氧水膨胀性和有机插层性能研究

采用XRD、IR等分析手段进行了工业蛭石的热双氧水化学膨胀性及用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HDTMA·Br）为插层剂的蛭石的有机插层性能研究。结果表明：30％浓度的双氧水使蛭石层间距由1．46nm增大到2．68nm,膨胀效果显著;在240％（质量分数）CEC（阳离子交换容量）的HDTMA·Br加入量、加热温度80℃、保温时间0．5h的最佳有机插层条件下,原样蛭石层间距从1．46nm增加到4．32nm,膨胀蛭石由2．68nm增加到4．36nm,表明经双氧水膨胀后的蛭石插层效果更显著。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.