Fe-Mn-1.6 Ni-C水电用钢板轧后 直接淬火和回火工艺

通过Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢板控制轧制、轧后直接淬火和560~710℃回火调质处理实验,研究了轧后直接淬火态和回火态的组织与性能变化.结果表明,轧后直接淬火得到组织细小的板条马氏体,固溶强化作用提高了其抗拉强度.经过回火热处理后,碳化物的析出及其对位错的钉扎作用,降低了钢的抗拉强度,提高了钢的屈服强度.随着回火温度的升高,碳化物聚集长大,铁素体发生回复与再结晶,造成强度下降以及冲击韧性提高.当回火温度高于A_○c1时,粗大的碳化物极易引起裂纹形核,破坏钢的冲击韧性.Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢最优的回火温度为680℃,屈服强度为963MPa,抗拉强度为988MPa,延伸率为20.0%,-60℃冲击功为142J.     

控轧控冷16Mn钢力学性能与组织间的定量关系式和强韧化机制

对含有不同碳、锰、硅的16Mn钢进行了控轧控冷实验,测定了各项力学性能,对其主要组织参量铁素体晶粒平均直径(d_F)及珠光体百分数(Pe％)进行了定量金相分析,进行了各项力学性能对16Mn钢中各元素含量和二主要组织参量的多元线性逐步回归分析,获得控轧控冷16Mn钢各项力学性能与钢的化学成分和组织参量之间定量关系的数字表达式。根据数学表达式所提供的信息,参照二组织参量对钢的化学成分和控轧控冷工艺参数的多元线性回归方程,探讨了控轧控冷16Mn钢的强韧化机制。     

高韧性耐磨钢（W2）的研制

良好的耐磨性能与韧性通常很难兼之，采用高合金风生产成本较高，W2钢则两种特性兼优，且合金成份成本较低，采用合理的化学成分，冶炼工艺，锻造方法和热处理条件，得到了洛氏硬度60．2，冲击韧性σk115J/cm^2的W2钢，其合金元素总量（W＋Mo V Cr)为M2高速工具钢的40％左右，洛氏硬度和耐磨性能达到M2水平，冲击韧性σk则比M2高1．5倍，W2钢性能亦优于日本新研制开发的ES钢，其吨钢生产成本约为M2钢的35％－40％左右。     

热处理对1000 MPa级工程机械结构用钢组织和性能的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B系超高强度工程机械结构用钢,研究了在同种成分条件下TMCP(thermo-mechan-ical control-process)+回火与控轧+直接淬火+回火两种工艺对钢组织和性能的影响.对比分析了热处理前后钢板各项力学性能和组织的变化.结果表明,两种工艺条件下钢的屈服强度和冲击性能的变化趋势相似,经500～620℃回火1h后钢的屈服强度均有大幅度提高.控轧+直接淬火+回火得到的钢板综合性能明显优于TMCP+回火,前者在600℃回火后屈服强度仍达到1000MPa以上,同时延伸率达到18%,-40℃冲击功大于30J,而后者塑性较好但强度稍低;随回火温度的升高,控轧+直接淬火+回火工艺条件下的组织演化速度要快于TMCP+回火工艺.     

微钙高硬高韧结构钢的研究

本文研究了一种新型的高硬度（HRC＞58），高韧性（αk≥40J/cm2)的结构钢的化学成分及热处理对冲击韧性的影响，实验结果表明，微量钙对改善钢在淬火－低温回火态的冲击韧性有重要作用，铬含量及铜／硅比对冲击韧性也有一定的影响。     

回火温度对新型冷作模具钢显微组织和性能的影响

由于莱氏体钢中含有大量的碳化物,常用的AISID2冷作磨具钢具有很高的耐磨性,但由此而易于崩裂且不易锻造及线切割加工。为此,调整其成分和热处理工艺而开发了一种新型模具钢(实验钢)。采用金相显微镜、硬度计及冲击实验机研究了回火温度对该新型钢显微组织硬度和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,在1050℃淬火及500℃回火处理时,实验钢与D2钢相比所含碳化物较少且颗粒尺寸较小,而且在各种回火温度下其冲击韧性和硬度均高于D2钢。例如经500℃回火处理,其硬度与冲击韧性分别为HRC64和45J/cm2·由于排除了其中的粗大又不均匀的碳化物,实验钢组织大为改善,由此而消除了在使用中的崩裂失效现象并延长了使用寿命·     

P92耐热钢接头组织与冲击性能

P92铁素体耐热钢因其优异的高温综合性能而作为超超临界发电机组用钢.采用金相显微镜﹑显微硬度计和扫描电子显微镜等分析方法,研究了TIG自熔焊后760℃回火不同保温时间对P92钢接头组织、显微硬度及冲击性能的影响,从显微组织和断口形貌角度对性能的变化进行了分析.结果表明:P92钢焊态下焊缝区平均显微硬度为400HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值为20J.经回火热处理,焊缝区显微硬度显著降低,冲击韧性提高,接头中δ-铁素体体积分数显著减少.在760℃回火保温7h后,焊缝区平均硬度下降到234HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值增加到86J.随回火时间的延长,断口形貌从韧/脆混合断裂向韧性断裂过渡.     

控轧控冷和回火工艺对超低碳贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

研究超低碳贝氏体钢的控轧控冷和回火工艺对其组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,在试验工艺下试样组织均为粒状贝氏体,且在820 ℃终轧、440 ℃回火时获得了高强度低屈强比的超低碳贝氏体钢;控轧控冷工艺可以细化贝氏体铁素体和M-A岛、降低铁素体含碳量、控制组织中软硬相的比例,从而提高材料强度、降低其屈强比.回火温度升高使贝氏体铁素体粗化、含碳量和位错密度降低、M-A岛分解成细小的板条贝氏体,并析出富铜原子团,这是材料获得高强度、低屈强比的主导因素.     

控制轧制与控制冷却对16Mn钢板组织和性能的影响

本文研究了终轧温度及控轧后冷却速度对16Mn钢板组织及性能的影响。结果表明:1.适当地降低终轧温度对改善16Mn钢板性能是有利的。2.轧后冷却速度对组织及性能有较大的影响,随着冷却速度增大,钢的强度显著提高,当冷却速度在5～22℃/s的范围内,钢的塑性及韧性均合格。冷却速度为5℃/s、15℃/s,38℃/s时,其屈服强度分别可达到35kgf/mm2,40kgf/mm~2、45kgf/mm~2的级别。可以认为,控轧及控冷是提高16Mn钢板强韧性的有效力法。     

SPV490钢板直接淬火回火工艺的研究

针对SPV490钢控轧后的直接淬火回火工艺进行研究.结果表明,采用再结晶区控轧后结合直接淬火回火工艺时,实验钢的强度大幅度提高,但韧性下降;采用在奥氏体再结晶区变形44%,然后在未再结晶区变形的两阶段控轧工艺后结合直接淬火回火工艺时,由于在细化晶粒的基础上增加晶粒内部变形带数量及位错密度,从而获得细小、均匀的组织,实验钢的综合力学性能良好.     

含硼微合金钢中硼氮化物形成的热力学分析

应用合金元素在奥氏体中的固溶度积公式,对含硼铝镇静钢,Ti-B和Ti-Nb-V-B系微合金钢中各种析出相的析出关系和析出量及其对奥氏体中固溶硼质量分数的影响进行了热力学分析.结果表明:含硼铝镇静钢中BN的析出优先于Al N的析出,使增加奥氏体稳定性的B的有效质量分数减少;提高含硼钢中的固溶B质量分数的有效方法是加入比B与N的结合力强的Ti;复合微合金钢中Nb,V的质量分数对固溶B的质量分数几乎没有影响,只与钢中加入Ti的质量分数有关,Ti-B和Ti-Nb-V-B系微合金钢中Ti的质量分数最少为钢中N质量分数的3.4~3.8倍.     

原位纳米增强高强韧钢氢脆性能研究

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength steel. The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel (919 MPa yield strength, 17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel (690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti₃O₅–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles. In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles (84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti₃O₅ nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides. Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al₂O₃–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al₂O₃ particles could also suppress HE. In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火+回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火+回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火+回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值(234～66J);对于正火+回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。     

一种高Nb-IF钢的组织和织构特征

以一种新型高Nb-IF钢和传统Nb+Ti-IF钢为研究对象,分别进行相同的冷轧及退火处理,对比研究了两种实验钢的微观组织和织构演变特征.结果表明:与传统Nb+Ti-IF钢相比,该新型高Nb-IF钢由于添加了较高含量的C和过量的固定元素Nb从而提高了再结晶温度;875℃退火时,平均晶粒直径由传统Nb+Ti-IF钢的15.4μm细化到12.1μm,大量尺寸在10～30nm之间的细小Nb(C,N)复合析出粒子是其晶粒细化的原因;有利r值的ND∥{111}纤维织构峰值更加尖锐且发展速度较快.EBSD分析结果表明,该新型高Nb-IF钢组织均匀性良好,相邻晶粒取向夹角≤15°的小角晶界及低ΣCSL晶界含量...     

低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢析出过程的演变

建立规则溶液亚点阵模型计算了不同温度(1073～1523 K)下低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢(Nb质量分数为0.023%,Ti质量分数为0.012%)中碳氮化物析出相的平衡摩尔分数、化学驱动力和各组元摩尔分数,对微合金钢中析出粒子演变规律进行研究,并利用透射电镜观察及能谱分析验证这种析出模式.计算结果表明,1523 K下析出粒子化学式组成为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84),由富Ti的析出物逐渐过渡至Nb--Ti均匀析出,析出粒子演变顺序为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84)、(NbxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)和(Nb0.5Ti0.5)(C0.56N0.44),与实验结果符合较好.随着温度降低,Ti/Nb质量比逐渐减小,得到的TiC比NbC更难溶.对均匀形核及位错处形核的临界核心尺寸和相对形核速率进行计算,得到最大形核率即可获得最细小第二相尺寸的温度.     

低碳微合金化含硼冷镦钢的冲击性能

通过对不同B含量的低碳硼钢和Nb、V微合金化低碳硼钢的冲击实验,研究了B含量及Nb、V微合金化对低碳硼钢冲击性能的影响. 结果表明:0.0006%～0.0015%的B将提高热处理状态钢的冲击韧性,B质量分数超过0.003%将降低钢的冲击韧性. Nb、V复合微合金化同时加入适量Al可显著提高热处理状态低碳硼钢的冲击韧性. Ti质量分数超过0.03%对低碳硼钢和微合金硼钢的冲击性能不利.     

Mechanism of generation of large (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)-type precipitates in H13 + Nb tool steel

The characteristics and generation mechanism of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates larger than 2 μm in Nb-containing H13 bar steel were studied. The results show that two types of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) phases exist—a Ti-V-rich one and an Nb-rich one—in the form of single or complex precipitates. The sizes of the single Ti-V-rich (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates are mostly within 5 to 10 μm, whereas the sizes of the single Nb-rich precipitates are mostly 2–5 μm. The complex precipitates are larger and contain an inner Ti-V-rich layer and an outer Nb-rich layer. The compositional distribution of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) is concentrated. The average composition of the single Ti-V-rich phase is (Ti_0.511V_0.356Nb_0.133)(C_xN_y), whereas that for the single Nb-rich phase is (Ti_0.061V_0.263Nb_0.676)(C_xN_y). The calculation results based on the Scheil–Gulliver model in the Thermo-Calc software combining with the thermal stability experiments show that the large phases precipitate during the solidification process. With the development of solidification, the Ti-V-rich phase precipitates first and becomes homogeneous during the subsequent temperature reduction and heat treatment processes. The Nb-rich phase appears later.     

Nb-Ti微合金钢高温变形软化行为力学分析及析出物电镜分析

研究了Nb-Ti微合金钢高温变形时的软化行为和微合金钢动态和静态析出物的电镜分析.通过双道次恒应变速率压缩实验,从流变应力曲线用卸载法求出了不同热变形条件下的软化分数,并建立了静态再结晶、亚动态再结晶动力学模型,计算出静态再结晶、亚动态再结晶的表观激活能.同时,还对静态和动态析出行为进行了探讨,讨论了析出对软化行为的影响,并通过透射电子显微镜对析出物的形貌、大小、分布进行了观察,用衍射图谱进一步确定了析出物的成份.     

Experimental study on Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the ferrite region

A Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the conventional austenite region and in the ferrite region with lubrication was experimentally studied. Subsequent cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were also conducted. The results show that microstructures of ultra-low carbon bake hardening hot strips at room temperature are basically irregular polygonal ferrites. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, n value, and r value of the No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferrite region with lubrication are 243 MPa, 364 MPa, 0.29, and 1.74, respectively, which are similar to those of the No.1 specimen hot-roiled in the conventional austenite region. The elongation rate and bake hardening value of No.2 specimen are 51% and 49.4 MPa, respectively, which are greater than those of No. 1 specimen. The No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferrite region with lubrication exhibits good mechanical properties and relatively excellent baking hardening performance. Therefore, the hot rolling experiment of Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening steel in the ferrite region with lubrication is feasible and can be considered in the future industrial trial production.     

Ultrafine microstructure in microalloyed steel by a new thermomechnical process

Low carbon microalloyed steel containing 0.062% C, 2.34% Mn,0.044% Nb, 0.029% Ti, 0.032% V in mass fraction and small amount of B was prepared in laboratory. Slabs of the steel were rolled into plates of 6mm in thickness followed by accelerated cooling. The plates possess very high yield strength and reasonable ductility, and the yield ratio is about 0.8. Ultra-fine ferrite structure with micrometer dimension was observed in the surface layer of the plates. Moreover, the effect of the finishing rolling temperature on the final microstructure and formation mechanism of ultra-fine ferrite as well as the γ→α transformation behavior of the steel was discussed.