丁香酸甲酯在漆酶处理纸浆及其木素中的作用

以未漂硫酸盐浆（KP）为原料，研究纸浆经臻酶处理，以及在漆酶处理过程中添加丁香酸甲酯（MS）对纸浆湿强度的改善效果；采用凝胶渗透色谱法测定纸浆中木素分子质量及其分布的变化．研究结果表明：漆酶处理可使纸浆湿强度明显提高；添加丁香酸甲酯的漆酶处理，对纸浆湿强度的进一步提高有促进作用；漆酶和漆酶／MS处理后，浆中木素分子质量提高，木素发生缩合，是纸浆湿强度提高的原因之一．经漆酶和漆酶／MS处理后的未漂KP浆，手抄片抄造过程中，不同干燥方式对纸浆湿强度的提高和木素分子质量及其分布的影响不同．     

漆酶的分子生物学研究及其应用

白腐菌所分泌的木质素降解酶主要有3种：木质素过氧化物酶、锰依赖过氧化物酶和漆酶．漆酶是近年来研究较多的一种含铜的多酚氧化酶，在白腐菌中普遍存在，也存在于少数低等真菌和植物中．漆酶多为酸性蛋白，含4个铜离子，形成3个活性区域；表面一些氨基酸被不同程度地糖基化．漆酶可催化的底物迭250种，铜离子结合区域在其催化氧化过程中起决定性作用．运用PCR技术cDNA文库技术，越来越多的漆酶基因被克隆，目前已克隆到的漆酶基因有大约20个．许多来源地基因都是以家族地形式存在于染色体上的．已研究的漆酶基因中都含有10个左右的内含子，这些内含子在活性域位置上有比较高的保守性．一些特珠序列存在与否决定了该酶的表达形式-诱导型或组合型．目前已有部分漆酶基因的异源表达获得成功．本文还介绍了漆酶在环境保护、造纸工业、食品工业等方面的应用．对近年来漆酶的研究进展进行了综述．     

糙皮侧耳Ax3产漆酶条件及部分酶学性质研究

对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)Ax3菌的漆酶产生条件进行了研究，该菌产漆酶较高的条件是：培养温度25℃，培养基pH5．5，每升C／N含量0．252g／0．021g；加入0．05％～0．1％的吐温可提高漆酶酶活12倍。对漆酶的部分生化性质研究表明：最适反应温度25℃；最适反应pH2．8；琥珀酸缓冲液效果最好；金属离子：Mn^2 ，Cu^2 ，Zn^2 对漆酶有较强的激活作用，其中Mn^2 相对活性最高，Ag^ ，K^ ，Ca^2 ，Fe^2 对漆酶活性有抑制能力，其中Ag^ 的抑制作用明显。     

黄孢原毛平革菌合成漆酶能力的研究

全面的研究了各种影响漆酶合成的条件对漆酶的产生的影响.P.chrysosporium在静置条件下，无论充氧与否，均不产生漆酶，在固体与半固体条件下，也不产生漆酶，仅在：高氮（24mmol/L)，高铜（160μmol/L），摇床（118r/min)，30℃，6d可产少量漆酶，在P.chrysosporium对木素的降解中，漆酶难以发挥重要作用。     

漆酶和漆酶/介体体系对AOCC浆的改性和纤维表面变化

利用NS51003漆酶对美国旧瓦愣纸箱（AOCC）浆进行生物酶改性，研究了漆酶用量对AOCC浆强度性能的影响。研究结果表明，在最佳酶促反应条件下，即：浆料浓度5％；pH7；反应温度室温；反应时间1h；通空气时，漆酶最佳用量为16U／g。同时还发现，漆酶处理过程中加入介体（丁香酸甲酯MS）后，与单独用漆酶处理相比，AOCC浆的湿抗张强度和湿环压强度均得到进一步的明显提高，这说明介体MS对促进漆酶处理AOCC浆有显著的效果。对漆酶处理和空白的浆样与手抄片进行扫描电镜分析的结果表明，经过漆酶处理后，纤维表面状况发生了明显的变化。     

漆酶的最新研究进展

总结了漆酶的生产、分离纯化过程及酶活测定方法，综述了漆酶的结构特征、催化氧化性质，介绍了漆酶在工业中的应用、尤其在环保中的应用前景。     

漆树漆酶的催化氧化作用Ⅺ原儿茶酸酯类的漆酶酶催氧化

用分光光度法对原儿茶酸甲酯、正丁酯、正辛酯底物在不同ｐＨ条件下的离解和漆酶催化氧化反应进行了考察，测定了它们在ｐＨ＝８．０时的反应速度常数．结果表明，不为漆酶所喜爱的亲水性底物（原儿茶酸），经过适当疏水化处理，可以有效地改善其反应性和提高漆酶的催化活性．ＥＳＲ结果证明，这些底物的漆酶催化反应都经历了半醌自由基阴离子阶段；酯基的存在不能保证底物顺利地氧化成相应邻醌，用二苯乙二胺只能捕获到少量羟基化的邻醌     

自腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶对蒽醌染料SN4R脱色研究

利用白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus324粗漆酶和纯漆酶进行蒽醌染料SN4R的脱色研究．粗漆酶可使蒽醌染料SN4R脱色，最适脱色pH、温度和漆酶酶活分别为4．0、40℃和30IU／mL,12h染料脱色率为55％,纯漆酶不能使SN4R脱色，但小分子介体物质可介导纯漆酶对染料SN4R的氧化脱色．在最适条件下4h染料脱色率可达80．6％．粗漆酶添加适当浓度的介体物质，可使染料完全脱色。因此，小分子还原介体物质的存在有助于染料废水的降解和脱色。     

漆酶的特性和应用研究进展

漆酶是一种结合多个铜离子的蛋白质,属于铜蓝氧化酶,存在菇、菌及植物中。漆酶可存活于空气中,发生反应后唯一的产物就是水,因此本质上是一种环保型酵素。由于这几年环保逐渐被人们所重视,因此漆酶也成为众多学者的研究对象。简要介绍了漆酶的特性和应用研究进展。     

漆酶催化活性及应用研究进展

综述了漆酶催化活性中心结构及特性;漆酶可用于多酚、多氨基等芳香族化合物的降解中,同时在化学合成、纸浆漂白、食品工业及环保方面有重要作用;指出了选育优良菌株,探索适宜的、适合实际生产的培养条件是今后漆酶生产的研究方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.