钢结构厂房制作工艺流程解析

随着钢结构制造技术的发展，钢结构厂房也得到了广泛的应用，钢结构厂房制作工艺流程包括放样号料和切割、矫正和成型、构件组装成型和钢结构厂房的焊接和安装制造。本文就钢结构厂房的工艺流程进一步分析，并就相关的问题提出相应的解决方案。     

振动时效对焊接构件材料性能的影响

1 消除残余应力的振动时效方法 构件被焊接时,在焊缝处的残余应力有时会高达材料的屈服极限。残余拉应力的存在能降低构件的工作强度;影响构件尺寸的精度;加速构件的疲劳破坏;使材质局部变脆,往往是裂纹发生和构件破坏的根源。因此残余应力的存在对构件来说无疑是一种潜在的危险。 多年来人们采用了各种方法进行消除残余应力处理。近年来用振动处理消除残余应力的方法──振动时效得到普遍重视。它是将激振器安放在结构或构件上,用共振频率对构件施加一定时间的激振,即可降低残余应力的(20-80)%,使残余应力得到消除或均化。该方法简便,经济,…     

大型压力容器波动时效机理的动力学

阐述了压力容器中焊接残余应力产生的原因、危害及振动时效的机理,由于振动时效中激振设备的激振频率太低,不易使大型压力容器产生共振,故时效效果不明显·波动时效法是利用移动激振力使构件在共振范围内产生共振,当波动应力与残余应力的叠加值大于材料的屈服极限时就达到消除残余应力的目的·从动力学方面对波动时效的机理进行了分析,给出了波动共振条件既当波动振动的激振力频率ω等于构件的固有频率加上或减去旋转角速度与节径数的乘积时,将使构件产生共振·以悬臂圆柱壳为例,计算了固有频率及轴向波动应力并与实验值进行了对比,结果表明波动时效法可以使大型压力容器中的残余应力得到降低·     

石化在役设备的焊缝残余应力的消除与控制

石化设备在制造、使用和维修过程中进行补焊后都会造成焊缝残余应力的存在,由于焊缝残余应力加上设备在使用过程的交变载荷,会使存在焊缝残余应力的地方应力集聚增加,在焊缝有缺陷的位置造成焊缝开裂、甚至断裂,造成在役备的损坏。本文主要探讨了石化行业在役设备的补焊过程中如何合理采取工艺措施和控制方法来消除焊缝残余应力。     

超载拉伸消除焊接残余应力的计算机模拟

焊接件内部总是存在着较大的残余应力,对焊接件的承载能力和抗腐蚀性能有很大影响,本文采用弹塑性有限元方法对超载拉伸消除焊接残余应力过程进行了数值模拟．对三种拉伸载荷下的宽板和窄板两种模型进行的模拟结果表明：拉伸载荷越大,残余应力消除得越好,但是也不能通过一味地增大拉伸载荷来得到较好的残余应力消除效果,而必须同时考虑材料的塑性储备、构件允许的变形量及构件允许的残余应力等,以防过量变形使构件脆断的危险性增大．     

大型构件去除成形中零残余应力控制

现代航空工业的快速发展,对飞机高速、高机动性能、高负载和服役寿命提出了越来越高的要求,因此,需要在不断地提高飞机结构强度和效率的前提下降低其自身结构重量。为此,新一代飞机普遍采用毛坯直接铣削加工成具有复杂型腔、筋条和凸台的大型整体结构件,比如:整体壁板、后尾梁缘条、隔框等大型复杂结构件,进而对其加工制造质量提出了更加严格的要求。以加工制造过程中残余应力的传递和控制为主线,针对整体薄壁构件表面质量控制要求,以高速切削已加工表面残余应力的传递作为主线,建立高速切削已加工表面在力、热耦合作用下的残余应力预测模型,并分析已加工表面完整性与构件疲劳裂纹萌生的关联机制,从而有效指导切削加工过程表面残余应力的调整控制。针对大型整体薄壁构件切削加工形状精度控制要求,研究大型整体薄壁构件高速铣削加工过程中体残余应力的释放和重分布规律,发现厚板毛坯初始体残余应力的非均匀释放和重分布对构件切削加工形状精度的影响,提出对称分层铣削工艺方法实施切削变形控制。针对大尺寸柔性件形状检测评价和偏差溯源的难题,通过建立梁缘条切削变形与后缘组件装配变形的模式匹配关系,实现大型薄壁构件切削加工形状精度的准确评价和切削变形偏差源诊断,指导梁缘条切削加工形状精度补偿策略。     

大型站房无柱雨棚的施工方案及造价分析

以一大型站房钢结构无柱雨棚的施工方案和造价分析为实例,介绍大型钢结构主要构件安装的施工技术及造价分析,为类似工程的工程提供借鉴。     

用超声冲击法消除锚拉板区域的焊接应力

针对大跨径钢结构斜拉桥锚拉板区域焊缝较密、连接钢板较厚、焊接残余应力较高且分布不明确等问题^［1］,对重庆江津观音岩长江大桥索梁锚固区域部分进行足尺比例试件的焊接应力测试,并对其焊缝进行超声波冲击试验,研究超声波冲击法对锚拉板区域各焊缝应力的影响情况.测试和试验研究结果表明,锚拉板区域各焊缝存在着相当大的焊接残余应力,超声波冲击法能有效地减小和消除该区域的焊缝残余拉应力,改善其应力的状态,确保构件连接的受力.超声波冲击方法是一种解决钢结构桥梁中的局部区域焊接应力过大问题的有效方法.     

行车梁焊接变形的控制

焊接变形是因焊件在焊接过程中不均匀加热引起的,是钢结构制造中所遇到的一个普遍问题。如何控制好焊接变形是钢结构产品制造成功与否的关键之一,也是难点之一。有的工厂因为控制不好焊接变形而报废整个产品,如行车梁、吊车梁、钢平台等。在钢结构制造中,焊接产生的残余应力和残余应力变形,降低了焊接构件的稳定性和可靠性,如不采取措施加以控制,将严重影响其制作质量及使用寿命。我厂为某厂制作的大跨度吊车梁在焊接变形控制和矫正方面做过一些尝试,取得了良好的效果,现做简单的介绍。     

预应力施工技术在大跨空间钢结构中的应用分析

随着我国工程技术和经济实力的不断增强,钢结构的使用变得越来越普遍。在众多的钢结构中,预应力钢结构因其现代感的外形和较高的施工效率,被广泛地应用于大跨度钢结构中。其中预应力施工技术是预应力钢结构的核心技术。预应力钢结构的施工是系统性和过程性的施工技术。具体体现在：施工方面,是拉索施工与钢构施工的结合。施工工具方面,是张拉机具、固定节点和张拉索头的有机结合。施工控制方面涵盖从结构分析到构件制作到构件安装最后到构件张拉的全过程。总的来说,是设计分析和施工工艺的有机结合,而不是单独的制作技术、安装水平和张拉工艺的简单组合。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with