硅氧烷低聚物改性EP固化机理及表面性能研究

为改善EP的表面性能,利用合成的星型端硅氧烷低聚物(TPSi)对环氧树脂(EP)改性,通过溶胶-凝胶技术固化复合体系.研究了复合体系的固化机理及表面性能.结果表明:TPSi改性EP的复合体系中,存在着3种固化机理.当TPSi含量不超过30%时,3种不同机理固化反应的发生导致体系的相容性增加.与EP-胺固化样相比,改性后试样的临界表面张力增加.偶联剂(KBE-9103)的加入,TPSi改性固化体系表面张力增大.     

环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物制备过程若干影响因素

在不同阻聚剂用量、投料比、投料方式等条件下合成环氧丙烯酸酯.对合成产物进行了红外光谱分析.制备了紫外光固化涂料,测定了固化膜的凝胶质量分数.结果表明,阻聚剂用量增加有利于提高酯化反应程度及固化膜凝胶质量分数,但当阻聚剂用量达到1.0%(质量分数)时酯化程度降低、固化膜凝胶质量分数降低.反应物中环氧树脂稍过量有利于提高酯化反应程度;当n(Er)∶n(AA)为1∶2.0时固化膜凝胶质量分数最高.将丙烯酸与催化剂、阻聚剂预先混合后再加入到环氧树脂中的投料方式有利于提高合成产物的酯化程度.     

金刚烷改性有机硅LED封装材料的制备与性能

随着大功率LED的不断发展,合成高性能LED封装材料成为目前研究的重点.有机硅树脂逐步替代应用广泛的环氧树脂跻身于高要求的封装领域中,但其仍存在缺陷,对有机硅树脂进行改性可以使其具有更加优异的性能,满足苛刻的LED封装要求.本文重点研究在分子中引入金刚烷基团对有机硅树脂进行改性.通过1-金刚烷甲醇和3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷反应得到1-金刚烷甲醇丙基三甲氧基硅烷-3-氨基甲酸酯.以1-金刚烷甲醇丙基三甲氧基硅烷-3-氨基甲酸酯、三甲氧基乙烯基硅烷和二苯基硅二醇为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶缩合法合成了高折射率的金刚烷基苯基乙烯基硅树脂.通过核磁共振仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱对金刚烷基苯基乙烯基硅树脂的结构进行了表征.采用苯基含氢硅树脂在卡式催化剂的作用下进行固化,制得高折射率的金刚烷改性有机硅封装材料,并对固化后的材料进行透光性、硬度及热稳定性的测试.结果表明,该改性材料具有高折射率(1.57左右)、高硬度(50 D～59 D)、高透光率(400～800 nm范围内在80%以上)、优异的耐老化性能(150℃老化48 h透光率变化很小)和强的热稳定性,在LED封装领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

聚酰胺酸改性环氧树脂耐热性的研究

用4, 4′-二氨基二苯基砜(DDS)做固化剂,采用聚酰胺酸(PAA)对环氧树脂(EP)进行改性,研究了PAA用量、固化剂用量和反应时间对环氧树脂耐热性的影响,采用TG测定不同配比、预反应时间及不同固化温度下改性EP的耐热性,利用SEM对最佳配比固化后样品的表面和断面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,改性树脂最佳固化工艺条件为:120 ℃,1 h→150 ℃,1 h→170 ℃,2 h→200 ℃,2 h→250 ℃,2 h;改性树脂配比为mEP∶mPAA∶mDDS=1∶0.75∶0.08;预反应时间3 h,改性EP的热分解温度为411 ℃,比未改姓EP提高了近80 ℃以上;EP/PAA/DDS固化后样品无明显的两相结构,树脂的相容性较好.     

A-172/丙烯酸酯接枝改性水性环氧树脂的制备与性能

通过环氧树脂与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯及有机硅氧烷单体乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(A-172)的接枝共聚反应,向环氧树脂中引入亲水性基团,使环氧树脂水性化,并在改性环氧树脂骨架中引入有机硅氧烷单元,改进环氧树脂的柔韧性和耐候性,制备具有良好水分散性和优异综合性能的有机硅氧烷接枝改性水性环氧树脂;在采用红外光谱分析接枝产物结构的基础上,采用透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对A-172含量不同的接枝产物的水分散体及其涂膜进行了详细表征,并结合对涂膜机械性能的测试结果,分析了A-172用量对水性环氧乳液固化涂膜的微观结构及宏观性能的影响。结果表明,当A-172的质量分数为环氧树脂的6%时,改性环氧树脂乳液具有良好的分散性能和储存稳定性,其固化涂膜的耐水性、柔韧性和抗冲击强度等性能得到很大改善。     

腰果酚醛胺聚合物的制备及其性能测试

采用溶液缩聚法,以碱为催化剂,由腰果酚、甲醛分别与乙二胺、二乙撑三胺、已二胺制备腰果酚醛胺聚合物,并通过元素分析(EA)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热分析系统(DSC-TG)等对所制备的聚合物进行结构表征与性能测试.结果表明:该缩聚物分子结构中含有-OH,-NH-,-NH2等功能基;同时,腰果酚醛胺聚合物具有优良的固化成膜性、物理机械性能、耐化学介质性能和热稳定性,以及能与环氧树脂进行固化交联和吸附重金属离子的性能.     

螺环预聚物的合成及其对环氧树酯B-63的改性

由三羟甲基丙烷合成了螺环原碳酸酯单体3、9-二羟甲基-3',9'-二乙基-1,5,7,11-四氧杂螺环[5、5]十一烷单体(体积膨胀率+3.04%)以及它的预聚物,并用其来改性环氧树脂B-63.利用红外光谱、元素分析仪对螺环单体及预聚体进行了表征,依据DSC测试结果确定了改性环氧树脂的固化温度为115.9 ℃;利用万能材料实验机测试了固化改性环氧树脂的力学性能.实验表明:预聚体的加入明显提高了环氧树脂的粘接剪切强度和拉伸强度.     

POSS基含磷嵌段共聚物无卤阻燃环氧树脂的研究

合成一种含P、Si协同阻燃的新型嵌段共聚物,将合成的阻燃嵌段共聚物分散于双酚A型环氧树脂E51中,以4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)为固化剂,制备了一系列不同P、Si含量的阻燃环氧树脂.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对改性环氧树脂断面进行观察,通过动态力学热分析(DMTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)及氧指数(LOI)对改性环氧树脂进行性能测试.结果表明:合成的含P、Si新型嵌段共聚物在环氧树脂中能够自组装形成以多面体齐聚半硅氧烷(POSS)链段为核、含磷嵌段为壳的纳米核壳结构,阻燃元素P、Si以"捆绑式"均匀分散在环氧基体中,达到低P、Si含量下优良的协同阻燃效果.此外,添加阻燃嵌段共聚物还能够有效提高环氧树脂热稳定性.     

低温快速固化环氧树脂胶粘剂的研制

以季戊四醇和巯基丙酸为原料合成了季戊四醇四巯基丙酸酯(PTM),与环氧树脂(EP828)扩链反应制得六元硫醇.为了能调制出满足不同环境温度的低温快速固化剂,研究了环氧树脂/六元硫醇/间苯二甲胺(EP828/六元硫醇/mXDA)混合体系的凝胶时间、玻璃化温度、热失重性能和力学性能等特性.研究结果表明,随着六元硫醇摩尔分数的增加,固化体系凝胶化时间明显缩短,固化物韧性增加.与此同时,随着碳硫弱共价键数量逐步增多,固化物力学性能略有降低、耐热性能迅速下降..     

超支化环氧树脂改性环氧树脂共混材料的制备与性能研究

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和2,2一二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为反应单体,采用一步法合成了超支化聚合物.然后与环氧氯丙烷反应合成了低粘度液体型超支化环氧树脂,并与双酚A型环氧树脂共混,固化成型后得超支化环氧树脂改性环氧树脂共混材料.测试了共混材料的力学性能、热性能.探讨了超支化环氧树脂加入量对材料性能的影响.结果显示:共混材料的力学性能随超支化环氧树脂含量的增加先增加后下降,有最大值;当超支化环氧树脂用量为15wt%左右时,共混材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别提高108%、83%、42%.玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度稍有下降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.