求解一类非线性偏微分方程的高精度紧致差分方法

针对一类非线性偏微分方程,提出了一种新的高精度紧致差分方法.首先对内部网格节点处的空间一阶和二阶导数项采用四阶精度的Padé紧致差分格式进行离散,然后对时间导数项采用泰勒级数展开并使用截断误差余项修正法进行离散,最终得到了求解该非线性方程的一种三层隐式高精度紧致差分格式,其截断误差为O(τ2+τh2+h4),即当τ=O(h2)时,该格式在空间上具有四阶精度.最后通过对广义Burgers-Fisher方程和广义Burgers-Huxley方程的数值求解,验证了本文方法的精确性和可靠性.     

阻尼梁振动方程的高阶数值格式

本文研究了带有阻尼项的四阶梁振动方程初边值问题,基于紧致差分方法,给出了数值求解该问题的四种高阶紧致差分格式.对方程中的一阶和二阶时间导数项采用中心差分离散,对四阶空间导数项分别采用五点、七点和带紧致的五点、七点四种方法进行离散,得到四种高阶紧致差分格式,这四种格式均在时间方向达到二阶精度,在空间方向分别达到二阶、四阶、四阶和六阶精度.最后利用数值算例验证了四种格式的精度阶与理论结果一致.本文相对于之前的研究,对弹性梁的振动增加了阻尼因素,因此也更加适合对实际问题的数值计算.     

一种求解变波数Helmholtz方程的高精度紧致差分方法

【目的】进一步研究Helmholtz方程对于大波数和变波数问题的数值计算,数值求解Helmholtz方程具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。【方法】利用泰勒级数展开,并结合混合型紧致格式的思想,推导了数值求解一维和二维Helmholtz方程的六阶精度紧致差分格式。并且格式涉及到未知函数及其一阶和二阶导数值,为保证格式的整体精度,对一阶和二阶导数的计算也采用六阶紧致差分格式。【结果】格式在小波数和变波数的情况下都有六阶精度,在大波数的情况下仍然能保持三阶以上精度。【结论】数值实验验证了格式的精确性和可靠性。     

求解对流扩散反应方程的一种高精度紧致差分方法

首先,针对一维对流扩散反应方程,借助截断误差余项修正的方法,将中心差分格式余项中未知函数的三阶和四阶导数项利用一阶导数的表达式来代替,从而提出一种新的紧致差分格式,具有四阶精度.然后,为了简化计算,对格式常系数形式的耗散误差和色散误差进行分析,证实该格式的低耗散性.接着,将该方法推广到二维,运用降维的思想转化成2个一维形式的定常对流扩散反应方程,并用求解一维方程的方法,离散后相加即得二维对流扩散反应方程的紧致差分格式.最后,通过数值实验验证本文格式的精确性和可靠性.     

两项时间分数阶扩散方程的一种数值解法

扩散方程在物理领域常用来模拟不同物质间的相互扩散现象,多项时间分数阶扩散方程能更清晰地反应复杂系统的物理意义.本文对两项时间分数阶扩散方程中的分数阶导数直接进行离散,空间导数采用中心差分格式进行离散,提出了求解两项时间分数阶扩散方程的一个隐式差分格式;讨论了分数阶扩散方程差分解的存在唯一性,证明了差分格式的稳定性及收敛性;最后数值试验验证了格式的有效性.     

时空分数阶对流扩散方程的两种有限差分格式的比较（英文）

提出了求解有限区域上的一维时空分数阶变系数对流扩散方程的两种隐式有限差分格式,就格式的精度和收敛阶比较这两种差分格式的优劣.当使用Caputo分数阶导数对a阶时间导数项进行离散时,在两个不同的点上分别采用中心差分,而对β阶空间导数项均使用转化的Grünwald公式进行离散.对得到的两种格式进行稳定性和收敛性分析.用几个已知精确解的数值例子验证和比较这两种有限差分格式的精确性和有效性.     

椭圆型方程两点边值问题的混合型高精度紧致差分格式

【目的】针对一维椭圆型两点边值问题,发展一种六阶混合型高精度紧致差分格式。【方法】主要利用泰勒级数展开和组合紧致差分格式(Combined compact difference,CCD)的思想,将未知函数和它的一阶导数、二阶导数作为未知变量,利用函数和各阶导数之间的固定关系,将原方程对一阶导数泰勒级数展开式中产生的三阶导数项进行替换,同时也利用了一阶导数和二阶导数的六阶组合紧致格式。它的特点是显式紧致差分格式和隐式紧致差分格式混合在一起。【结果】最终使得混合型紧致差分格式整体达到了六阶精度。此外,提出的格式还具有推导简便,易实现编程,且能直接推广到高维问题的优点。尽管格式是六阶精度,但与四阶精度格式一样,空间方向仅仅需要3个网格点,因此由格式生成的方程组可采用追赶法进行高效求解。【结论】最后通过对具有精确解的4个算例进行数值实验,数值结果验证了该格式的精确性和可靠性。     

时间分数阶Allen-Cahn方程的重心插值配点法

采用Laplace变换近似Caputo型分数阶导数,将分数阶方程转换成整数阶方程;然后,在时-空方向均采用重心插值配点法离散,非线性项采用Newton迭代格式求解,并给出配点格式的相容性误差分析.数值实验表明:该配点法格式具有较高精度,能满足能量递减规律.     

数值求解一维波动方程的四阶紧致差分方法

针对一维波动方程提出了一种有限差分方法.首先,采用泰勒级数展开公式和原方程代入的方法推导出了第一个时间层未知函数值的四阶紧致差分格式.然后,用四阶紧致差分公式近似空间导数项,采用中心差分格式截断误差余项修正的方法处理时间导数项,推导出了第二个时间层以后未知函数的四阶紧致差分格式.该方法时间和空间具有整体四阶精度.利用Fourier方法分析了所提格式的稳定性.由于本文格式在未知时间层仅涉及3个网格点,因此可采用追赶法求解离散化后所得到的线性方程组.最后,用数值算例验证了本文格式的精确性和稳定性.     

欧式看跌期权定价问题的紧致有限差分格式

针对单个的Black-Scholes方程,提出一种紧致差分格式.首先,利用指数变换消去方程中的空间一阶导数;接着,在时间方向上采用CN格式,空间二阶导数采用四阶Padé逼近,构造精度为O(Δt~2+h~4)的紧致差分格式;然后,利用一种较为不同的离散能量法分析差分格式的稳定性和收敛性;最后,通过数值算例验证理论分析的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the