大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析快速检测法的建立

建立一种大肠杆菌O157∶H7的胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法.利用胶体金免疫层析技术,采用双抗体夹心法检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7,对该法进行敏感性、特异性和食品样品的适用性分析.该法能在10 min内完成检测;该试纸条仅与O157∶H7阳性样品发生特异性反应;大肠杆菌O157∶H7的最低检出浓度为1×105 cfu/mL.新建立的大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析试验简便、快速,特异性和灵敏度较好,适用于现场样品的快速筛查.     

间接酶联免疫吸附技术检测活的非可培养状态的大肠杆菌O157：H7

大肠杆菌O157：H7在低温贫营养的条件下可进入的非可培养状态（Viable but nonculturable state,VBNC)，用常规的培养法无法将其检出。作者利用间接酶联免疫吸附技术（Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测VBNC的大肠杆菌O157：H7，发现此方法可以快速有效地将其检出，最小检测浓度为10^5个／mL。     

大肠杆菌O157：H7的活的非可培养状态

将大肠村菌O157：H7培养于低温养条件下,以涂布平板法（PC）和最大近似值法（MPN）检测可培养细菌数,95－115d后表明可培养菌数下降为零,吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法（AODC）检测细胞总数,表明细菌总数始变化不大,而活菌直接镜检计数（DVC）检测到的活菌数保持在10^6个／ml,实验证明了大肠杆菌O157：H7在一定的条件下可进入活的非可培养状态（VBNC）。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7基因组研究进展

对大肠杆菌O157：H7基因组的结构、特点等近年来的研究进展进行了综述。     

畜禽产品沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157快速检测试剂盒:快速、敏感又特异

近日,由省微生物研究所和广东环凯微生物科技有限公司共同承担的广州市科技攻关项目———畜禽产品沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157快速检测试剂盒的研制与开发通过了由广州市科技局组织的验收。该项目建立的三种检测方法具有     

冻融循环下大肠杆菌O157:H7在长春市南湖岸边水中的存活行为研究

北方地区的初春、晚秋,水体表层的夜冻昼融过程是典型特征。冻融循环过程影响水体自身理化性质,理化性质的变化对水中微生物,尤其是潜在的致病微生物的存活也会产生一定的影响。实验在室内模拟了大肠杆菌O157:H7在冻融循环条件下,在长春南湖水中的动态存活特征;并通过线性模型和Weibull模型,计算大肠杆菌O157:H7在污染水体后衰减达到最低检测限的时间(ttd);并运用多元线性回归进行相关性分析,找出影响实验菌种存活的关键因素。研究表明,南湖水的p H和氨氮与大肠杆菌O157:H7的存活相关。研究结果可为调查大肠杆菌O157:H7在湖水中的存活趋势,评估其可能带来的环境健康风险,为制定相应的环境管控措施提供科学依据。     

磁性富集荧光法检测大肠杆菌

为研究大肠杆菌的高灵敏快速检测方法,建立一种基于萘酰亚胺标记的DNA探针和磁性四氧化三铁氧化石墨烯分离的大肠杆菌O157:H7检测方法。将标记萘酰亚胺的ssDNA(单链DNA)作为捕获探针吸附在磁性氧化石墨烯表面,当目标ssDNA存在时,捕获探针与之部分杂交,利用磁场将目标ssDNA捕获并富集。然后加入释放探针完成杂交,使标记荧光的捕获探针从磁性氧化石墨烯的表面释放出来,通过测定溶液荧光强度可以实现大肠杆菌O157:H7的高灵敏检测。实验结果表明:在一定条件下,O157:H7数量的对数值和荧光强度与空白值荧光强度的比值(F/F_0)呈线性关系,线性范围为150~1.5×10~6个/m L,经过富集后检出限可达100个/m L。该方法灵敏度高,检出限低,耗时较短,操作简单,为致病菌的高灵敏检测提供新思路。     

食品中沙门氏菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

食品及其原料中沙门氏菌的快速、现场检测对食品安全控制具有重要意义.根据沙门氏菌invA基因核苷酸序列设计一组引物,应用环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）,分别对7种不同血清型沙门氏菌和4种非沙门氏菌进行扩增,同时建立沙门氏菌人工污染的食品模型,比较了LAMP法与活菌计数检测的敏感性.结果表明,该方法仅对沙门氏菌产生特异性扩增,灵敏度高达336,mL-1,食品样品经细菌富集培养后,检测灵敏度高达8.25,g-1.所建立的检测沙门氏菌方法具有较高的特异性与灵敏性,操作简单、快速,可用于沙门氏菌污染食品的快速检测.     

内生真菌源3 硝基丙酸的分离鉴定及其抗菌作用的研究

通过硅胶层析、薄层层析和重结晶技术从一株丹参内生真菌发酵液中分离得到一种抑菌物质,该物质为白色结晶物质,结合核磁共振技术、红外技术、质谱分析鉴定该物质为3-硝基丙酸.经微量肉汤法测定结果表明其具有广谱抗菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度/最小杀菌浓度分别为:对枯草芽孢杆菌1.25mg/mL和2.5mg/mL、大肠杆菌O157:H7为1.25mg/mL和5mg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213、绿脓杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌CVCC 533、肠炎沙门氏菌CVCC 3377为2.5mg/mL和5mg/mL;并且对17-耐沙门氏菌、17-耐金黄色葡萄球菌、14-耐大肠杆菌表现出显著的抑制作用.     

乙醇自由基代谢机理的理论研究*1

目的：从原子尺度对乙醇与自由基的反应进行探索，提高对乙醇自由基代谢机理的微观认识。方法在 CCSD（T）／6-311G（2d，2p）／／B3LYP／6-31G（d，p）计算水平下，采用量子化学方法详细研究了 C2 H5 OH 与·OH、H2 O2和·O2 H 的反应。结果（1）乙醇与·OH 和·O2 H 自由基的反应都存在3类反应（氢抽提、C—C 键断裂和 SN 2取代）。（2）在乙醇与 H2 O2的反应中，以 H 2 O2形成的水合氧自由基（·OOH2）直接插入乙醇的 C—H 键生成乙二醇为主，此外 H2 O2也可均裂为2个·OH 和异裂为· H＋·O2 H 自由基。结论乙醇与自由基（·OH、·O2 H）和 H2 O2反应中，分别以α氢抽提过程和· OOH2插入乙醇的α-C—H 键生成乙二醇为主要反应。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染小鼠动物模型的初步建立

目的　建立肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7感染小鼠动物模型。方法　选用离乳小鼠随机分组 ,先以丝裂霉素和萘啶酮酸处理 ,提高小鼠对肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7的敏感性 ,再分别以不同剂量口服接种肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7EDL933W ,进行临床和病理学检查。结果　利用对O15 7不易感的小鼠 ,复制出人类感染O15 7所出现的主要病理变化和部分临床症状 ,初步建立了动物模型。讨论　该动物模型对探索肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7的感染机制、毒力因子的作用有重要意义 ,并为O15 7:H7的疫苗侯选株安全性的评价打下初步基础。     

Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

The bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a worldwide threat to public health and has been implicated in many outbreaks of haemorrhagic colitis, some of which included fatalities caused by haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Close to 75,000 cases of O157:H7 infection are now estimated to occur annually in the United States. The severity of disease, the lack of effective treatment and the potential for large-scale outbreaks from contaminated food supplies have propelled intensive research on the pathogenesis and detection of E. coli O157:H7 (ref. 4). Here we have sequenced the genome of E. coli O157:H7 to identify candidate genes responsible for pathogenesis, to develop better methods of strain detection and to advance our understanding of the evolution of E. coli, through comparison with the genome of the non-pathogenic laboratory strain E. coli K-12 (ref. 5). We find that lateral gene transfer is far more extensive than previously anticipated. In fact, 1,387 new genes encoded in strain-specific clusters of diverse sizes were found in O157:H7. These include candidate virulence factors, alternative metabolic capacities, several prophages and other new functions--all of which could be targets for surveillance.     

多种沙门氏菌分离培养基效果比较及在实验动物和垫料检测中的应用

摘要: 目的改进实验动物沙门氏菌分离培养方法,建立垫料中沙门氏菌检测方法。方法参考国内外沙门氏菌检测方法,用不同分离培养基对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和变形杆菌进行培养。选用最佳筛选效果培养基对动物肠道和垫料样品进行检测。结果BPW 预增菌、MKTTn 选择性增菌转种XLT4 培养基分离沙门氏菌的效果优于其他培养基,在1015 份动物样品中检测出3 份沙门氏菌阳性,能够检测出垫料中1CFU/g 的沙门氏菌。结论改进的沙门氏菌分离培养方法检出率高于现有国标方法,结果准确,可用于实验动物沙门氏菌及垫料的检测。     

Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate

The human gut is colonized with a wide variety of microorganisms, including species, such as those belonging to the bacterial genus Bifidobacterium, that have beneficial effects on human physiology and pathology. Among the most distinctive benefits of bifidobacteria are modulation of host defence responses and protection against infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have barely been elucidated. To investigate these mechanisms, we used mice associated with certain bifidobacterial strains and a simplified model of lethal infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, together with an integrated 'omics' approach. Here we show that genes encoding an ATP-binding-cassette-type carbohydrate transporter present in certain bifidobacteria contribute to protecting mice against death induced by E. coli O157:H7. We found that this effect can be attributed, at least in part, to increased production of acetate and that translocation of the E. coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin from the gut lumen to the blood was inhibited. We propose that acetate produced by protective bifidobacteria improves intestinal defence mediated by epithelial cells and thereby protects the host against lethal infection.     

Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli

The mechanisms underlying the evolution and emergence of new bacterial pathogens are not well understood. To elucidate the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, here we sequenced seven housekeeping genes to build a phylogenetic tree and trace the history of the acquisition of virulence genes. Compatibility analysis indicates that more than 70% of the informative sites agree with a single phylogeny, suggesting that recombination has not completely obscured the remnants of ancestral chromosomes. On the basis of the rate of synonymous substitution for E. coli and Salmonella enterica (4.7 x 10(-9) per site per year), the radiation of clones began about 9 million years ago and the highly virulent pathogen responsible for epidemics of food poisoning, E. coli O157:H7, separated from a common ancestor of E. coli K-12 as long as 4.5 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that old lineages of E. coli have acquired the same virulence factors in parallel, including a pathogenicity island involved in intestinal adhesion, a plasmid-borne haemolysin, and phage-encoded Shiga toxins. Such parallel evolution indicates that natural selection has favoured an ordered acquisition of genes and the progressive build-up of molecular mechanisms that increase virulence.     

Sensing Escherichia coli O157：H7 via frequency shift through a self-assembled monolayer based QCM immunosensor

By means of the specific immuno-recognition and ultra-sensitive mass detection, a quartz crystal microbalance （QCM） biosensor for Escherichia coli O157：H7 detection was developed in this work. As a suitable surfactant, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid （MHDA） was introduced onto the Au surface of QCM, and then self-assembled with N-hydroxysuccinimide （NHS） raster as a reactive intermediate to provide an active interface for the specific antibody immobilization. The binding of target bacteria with the immobilized antibodies decreased the sensor＇s resonant frequency, and the frequency shift was correlated to the bacterial concentration. The stepwise assembly of the immunosensor was characterized by means of the electrochemical techniques. Using the immersion-dry-immersion procedure, this QCM biosensor could detect 2.0×10^2 colony forming units （CFU）/ml E. coli O157：H7. In order to reduce the fabrication time, a polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer self-assembly （LBL-SA） method was adopted for fast construction. Finally, the reproducibility of this biosensor was discussed.     

冻猪肉中沙门氏菌的检测与分析

目的:了解兰州市冻猪肉中沙门氏菌污染状况.方法:从农贸市场采集38份冻猪肉馅用不同增菌方法检测沙门氏菌.结果:采用LB+TBG+SC增菌法检测,沙门氏菌检出率约为18.4%(7/38),明显高于BPW+MM增菌法10.6%(4/38).结论:LB+TBG+SC增菌法可提高样品中沙门氏菌的检出率,有利于在杂菌污染严重及沙门菌污染水平非常低的情况下进行沙门菌的检测.不能低估露天农贸市场沙门氏菌食物中毒的危险,应加强食品卫生管理,防止沙门氏菌污染.