体外预应力混凝土简支梁固有频率研究

为研究预应力与固有频率间的关系和影响固有频率变化的因素,对3根体外预应力混凝土简支梁分级施加预应力并进行动力测试,然后使用MATLAB软件根据试验数据拟合刚度公式,并将计算结果与试验值进行对比分析,结果表明:预应力梁的自振频率受支座约束形式和体外预应力筋偏心距与布置形式的影响大于预应力自身对频率的影响,预应力效应是多种因素共同作用的结果,固有频率总体上随预应力的增加而增大;经过刚度修正后的公式能较好的反映自振频率随预应力的变化趋势,一阶频率的计算值与试验值符合得很好;二阶频率的计算值和试验值误差较大,有待进一步研究;三阶频率易受其他因素影响而失真,缺乏研究的价值。     

直线形体外预应力混凝土简支梁自振频率分析

对体外预应力混凝土结构固有频率的分析和计算是研究其动力性能的基础。本文进行了1根直线性体外预应力混凝土简支梁的动力试验,测得了试验梁在张拉阶段的频率变化。为了和试验结果进行对比,本文推导了直线性体外预应力混凝土梁的频率计算公式,对试验梁的自振频率进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果在梁频率的变化趋势及数值上均有较大的出入,最后分析了造成这种误差的原因。     

基于摄动法的体外预应力梁基频分析

进行了5根体外预应力全预应力梁的试验,探讨了利用摄动法原理进行体外预应力梁弯曲振动问题的求解.通过理论分析,建立求解体外预应力简支梁的自振频率的微分方程,以普通钢筋砼简支梁的自振频率为基准,利用摄动法原理将其转化为线性方程来求解,简化了计算过程,并将计算结果与有限元分析及试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:利用摄动法原理进行体外预应力全预应力梁动力性能的分析是简便可行的.     

考虑预应力筋拉应变滞后的混凝土梁刚度统一

根据裂缝间钢筋平均应变符合平截面假定,分别考虑预应力筋与非预应力筋处于相同和不同水平位置处,详细推导了裂缝截面处后张有黏结预应力筋的拉应变滞后系数.结合前期完成的刚度计算规范比较结果,借鉴精度较好的刚度计算模式,并通过大量挠度试验数据,提出了考虑预应力筋拉应变滞后特点的混凝土梁刚度计算公式.结果表明:不论对钢筋混凝土梁,还是对各类预应力混凝土梁,该刚度公式计算值与实测值均符合较好,从而将钢筋混凝土梁和预应力混凝土梁的刚度公式统一起来;特别是对后张有黏结和无黏结预应力混凝土梁,相比现行混凝土结构设计规范刚度公式,该刚度公式计算精度更高,可为规范修订提供参考.     

高性能预应力混凝土梁挠度试验与计算方法

进行了配有高强度低松弛钢绞线、预应力比率0.66～1.00、混凝土强度等级C40～C80的14根先张法高性能预应力混凝土梁的加载全过程试验,研究了预应力比率和截面开裂等因素对试验梁挠度的影响.通过将试验结果与《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010—2002)相关计算公式对比分析,得出规范变形计算公式对于未开裂梁是适用的,对于预应力比率不大于0.66的梁开裂后也是适用的;随着预应力比率提高,开裂后梁挠度试验值与规范公式计算值的比值逐渐减小,当预应力比率1.00时其比值仅为0.60.为此,根据试验结果提出了适用于这种高性能预应力混凝土梁的修正的挠度计算方法.     

修正Timoshenko梁自由振动及Euler梁误差分析

基于考虑剪切变形所引起转动惯量的Timoshenko梁,采用分离变量法和高阶线性微分方程组特征值问题求解方法,系统地给出了修正Timoshenko简支梁模态特性的分析方法,推导得到了修正Timoshenko简支梁自振频率计算公式和振型函数表达式;并给出了Euler梁模型相对于修正Timoshenko梁模型的误差计算公式。分析结果表明:影响Euler梁模型计算误差的因素包括四个方面:振型阶数、材料泊松比、梁剪应力不均匀系数和回转半径与梁高跨比;随着振型阶数和高跨比的增加,Euler梁模型计算误差值迅速增长;在建筑材料泊松比的分布范围内,Euler梁模型计算误差随泊松比大约呈线性增长趋势;典型截面对Euler梁模型计算误差影响的排序为:圆形矩形T字型圆管箱型工字型H型,采用Euler模型计算工字型和H型截面梁振型频率时,需要特别加以注意。     

基于壳梁组合单元预应力混凝土梁非线性响应

基于壳梁组合(SBC)单元,建立了预应力混凝土T梁非线性分析模型,并对其进行了破坏全过程研究,对梁体刚度折减、预应力筋应力重分布规律等进行了分析.基于分层壳单元和梁单元计算模式,对预应力筋采用SBC单元模拟,有效地模拟了预应力筋的空间预应力作用,对普通钢筋和混凝土采用分层壳单元模拟.采用Owen准则等描述了预应力混凝土T梁的屈服等材料非线性效应,并研制了相应的非线性计算程序.研究结果表明,该方法的计算结果与试验梁的试验结果吻合良好,非线性SBC单元方法用于预应力混凝土T梁分析是合适的,为此类工程薄壁结构的评定分析提供了一种较为有效的计算方法.     

粘钢加固预应力混凝土梁抗弯承载力及变形的简化计算方法

在模型试验和有限元分析的基础上,首先分析了粘贴钢板厚度和梁侧粘钢高度、有效预应力大小、初始损伤程度等参数对预应力混凝土梁粘钢抗弯性能的影响.在基本假设基础上,分别推导了U型粘钢加固预应力混凝土梁的抗弯极限承载力和变形的简化计算公式.结果表明:梁侧面粘贴钢板高度不超过梁高的1/3比较适宜,有效预应力和初始损伤不会改变明显其极限承载力,建立的简化公式计算结果与实测结果及有限元分析结果吻合较好.     

体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁的反拱挠度分析

为了在施加预应力阶段准确地计算混凝土梁的反拱挠度,在计算过程中将混凝土梁的抗弯刚度分为有裂缝抗弯刚度和裂缝闭合抗弯刚度.试验采用6根体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁进行研究,先将混凝土梁加载至一定裂缝宽度,再进行体外预应力加固.在试验过程中发现,从张拉预应力初始阶段到张拉预应力结束,由于混凝土梁裂缝的逐渐闭合,混凝土梁的抗弯刚度是逐渐增大的.通过对混凝土梁的截面分析,将混凝土梁的抗弯刚度分为有裂缝抗弯刚度和裂缝闭合抗弯刚度,提出了体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁反拱挠度的计算方法,并用试验结果与计算公式的计算值进行了对比分析,结果表明,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁短期刚度研究

通过对12根足尺高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁的抗弯性能试验,分析了现有规范刚度计算公式的适用性以及换算配筋率、混凝土强度等级等因素对梁短期刚度的影响.研究结果表明,梁的短期刚度随换算配筋率的增大、混凝土强度等级的提高而增强;中美混凝土规范刚度计算公式对于高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁仍然适用.试验研究结果可为高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁在实际工程中的应用提供参考依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-