Morris水迷宫训练诱导大鼠海马轴突重塑

目的:观察Morris水迷宫训练后大鼠海马苔藓纤维分布的变化,探讨海马神经元轴突的可塑性.方法:2月龄雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为水迷宫训练模型组20只,游水对照组20只.用Neo-Timm染色观察海马苔藓纤维的分布;免疫荧光组织化学方法检测海马微管相关蛋白tau-1的定位;Western blotting方法检测tau-1表达.结果:SD大鼠经6 d学习训练,其逃避潜伏期逐日缩短.与对照组大鼠相比,Neo-Timm染色显示模型组大鼠海马CA3区苔藓纤维延伸至锥体细胞层和起始层,tau-1免疫表达阳性产物除分布在透明层以外,锥体细胞层或起始层内有明显颗粒分布.Western blotting显示tau-1表达量增加.结论:结果表明Morris水迷宫训练可以诱导大鼠海马CA3区轴突的重塑,提示苔藓纤维系统可作为一个研究轴突重塑和认知关系的理想区域.     

异丙酚和氯胺酮对大鼠认知及免疫功能影响的研究

目的:研究异丙酚和氯胺酮对大鼠认知及免疫功能的影响.方法:80只7 d大鼠被随机分成4组:对照组、氯胺酮组(A组),异丙酚组(B组)、氯胺酮和异丙酚组(C组).所有实验动物连续注射3次.检测大鼠血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,测定大脑海马神经元凋亡水平.水迷宫测试大鼠认知能力.结果:水迷宫测试显示,注射后第1天,对照组、B组及C组迷宫测试潜伏期逐渐降低;注射后第3 d,与对照组比较,A、B、C组潜伏期及交叉循环时间显著降低.4组大脑海马神经元凋亡率分别为(2.2±0.6)%,(15.1±7.3)%,(4.3±1.1)%,(10.6±2.4)%.麻醉后A、B、C组血清IL-4和IL-10水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05).A、B、C组IL-1β水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05).结论:异丙酚能降低氯胺酮对大鼠认知及免疫功能.     

CREB在姜黄素改善gp120所致大鼠学习记忆障碍中的作用

目的:探讨cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)在姜黄素改善gp120所致大鼠学习记忆障碍中的作用.方法:SD大鼠随机分为6组:对照组、假手术组、模型组、姜黄素低、中和高剂量治疗组;除对照组、假手术组外其余4组侧脑室缓慢注射5μL的gp120,连续3 d.第4天开始,低、中、高剂量治疗组分别每天给予50、100、200 mg/kg的姜黄素灌胃,对照组、假手术组和模型组大鼠用双蒸水灌胃,连续灌胃14 d.各组大鼠进行水迷宫测试,并分组进行海马磷酸化的CREB(pCREB)免疫组化染色.结果:①Morris水迷宫空间探索实验显示模型组大鼠反应迟钝,寻找目标象限所需的时间较长,在目标象限停留的时间及穿越次数明显短于对照组(P<0.05);姜黄素低、中、高剂量治疗组大鼠寻找目标象限所需时间缩短,在目标象限停留的时间及穿越次数明显长于模型组(P<0.05),其中姜黄素低剂量组效果更好(P<0.05).②免疫组化结果显示模型组大鼠海马内pCREB的表达与对照组相比有所降低(P<0.01),姜黄素各剂量治疗组pCREB的表达有所上调.结论:姜黄素具有改善gp120所致大鼠学习记忆障碍的作用,其机制可能与增加海马CREB的磷酸化水平有关.     

杏花雨对血管性痴呆大鼠行为及其海马Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达的影响

为研究杏花雨对血管性痴呆大鼠行为学及大鼠海马Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达的影响,采用反复缺血再灌注+硝普钠方法复制出血管性痴呆(VD)动物模型,并观察银杏黄酮注射制剂杏花雨对VD大鼠的保护作用,采用Morris水迷宫检测其行为学,免疫组织化学法检测并观察其海马Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达.研究结果显示:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达增加(P<0.01),Bcl-2/Bax(阳性细胞数比值)显著降低,经杏花雨a,b及金纳多治疗后,与模型组相比,VD大鼠认知能力显著改善(P<0.01),海马CA1区Bcl-2阳性细胞数均有提高(P<0.05),杏花雨b组有明显提高(P<0.01);大鼠海马CA1区Bax阳性细胞数降低,尤其以杏花雨b组降低明显(P<0.01),Bax/Bcl-2也较假手术组与模型组明显提高(P<0.05).结果表明杏花雨可以改善血管性痴呆大鼠的认知能力,推测与Bcl-2,Bax蛋白表达有关.     

Pullinsin-4血管烧灼阻断法血管性痴呆大鼠模型的建立

采用永久双侧椎动脉热凝烧灼术,次日行双侧暂时夹闭阻断颈总动脉20 min再灌48 h法制备pullinsin-4vo大鼠模型.利用Morris水迷宫检测模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力,用组织化学技术显示模型大鼠脑组织病理改变.造模前模型组水迷宫定位航行试验的逃避潜伏期与正常组和假手术组差别无显著性;再灌48 h后模型大鼠的逃避潜伏期及游泳路径长度显著长于正常组和假手术组,P值均小于0.05;免疫组织化学观察显示模型大鼠海马组织存在明显的缺血坏死病灶,海马各区神经细胞结构排列紊乱、稀疏,细胞数明显较少.研究表明经改良后的血管性痴呆大鼠模型是进行血管性痴呆病理机制及其药物疗效评价的理想动物模型.     

Pulinsin-4血管烧灼阻断法血管性痴呆大鼠模型的建立

采用永久双侧椎动脉热凝烧灼术,次日行双侧暂时夹闭阻断颈总动脉20 min再灌48 h法制备pullinsin-4vo大鼠模型.利用Morris水迷宫检测模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力,用组织化学技术显示模型大鼠脑组织病理改变.造模前模型组水迷宫定位航行试验的逃避潜伏期与正常组和假手术组差别无显著性;再灌48 h后模型大鼠的逃避潜伏期及游泳路径长度显著长于正常组和假手术组,P值均小于0.05;免疫组织化学观察显示模型大鼠海马组织存在明显的缺血坏死病灶,海马各区神经细胞结构排列紊乱、稀疏,细胞数明显较少.研究表明经改良后的血管性痴呆大鼠模型是进行血管性痴呆病理机制及其药物疗效评价的理想动物模型.     

白术内酯Ⅲ对痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及海马Bcl-2表达的影响

采用大鼠双侧侧脑室注射Aβ1-42建立老年痴呆动物模型,通过Morris水迷宫行为实验、海马乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性生化测定及海马凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2表达Western Blot检测,研究了白术内酯Ⅲ(AtractylenolideⅢ,ATLⅢ)对痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的影响.结果表明:与模型组相比,ATLⅢ中、高剂量组的逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P0.01),在原平台象限的停留时间显著延长(P0.01),海马AChE活性显著降低(P0.05),Bcl-2表达显著增高(P0.05,P0.01).结果提示白术内酯Ⅲ可显著改善痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与抑制AChE活性及上调海马Bcl-2基因的表达有关.本研究对于神经保护作用药物的开发具有重要的临床意义.     

脑蛋白水解液对七氟醚麻醉导致的大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

摘要:目的 探讨脑蛋白水解液( CHI) 对七氟醚麻醉导致的大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响,并分析其可能作用机制。方法 将 32 只大鼠随机分为七氟醚组、CHI 高剂量组、CHI 低剂量组和对照组,每组 8 只。 七氟醚组吸入 2% 七氟醚,每天 2 h,连续 7 d,CHI 高剂量组每天吸入七氟醚之前,尾静脉注射脑蛋白水解液 1 200 μL,CHI 低剂量组每天吸入七氟醚之前,尾静脉注射脑蛋白水解液 300 μL。 对照组不吸入七氟醚,尾静脉注射生理盐水。 通过水迷宫实验记录大鼠学习记忆能力;HE 染色法观察各组大鼠海马组织病理学改变;ELISA 检测各组大鼠海马组织中 MDA、SOD 水平;TUNEL 检测各组大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡情况;RT-qPCR 检测各组海马组织中 SYT1 mRNA 表达情况;Western blot 检测各组大鼠海马组织中 SYT1、Bax、Bcl-2、cleaved-Caspase3 蛋白表达情况。 结果 与对照组相比,七氟醚组大鼠逃避潜伏期显著增加( P<0. 05) ,穿越平台次数显著减少( P<0. 05) ,平台停留时间显著缩短( P< 0. 05) ,海马组织神经元细胞排列散乱,边界不清,细胞核固缩,出现空泡,着色较深,海马组织神经元细胞凋亡率显著升高( P<0. 05) ,MDA、Bax、cleaved-Caspase3 蛋白含量显著升高( P<0. 05) ,SOD、Bcl-2、SYT1mRNA 和蛋白含量显著下降(P<0. 05) ;与七氟醚组比,CHI 高剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期显著缩短( P< 0. 05) ,穿越平台次数显著增加( P< 0. 05) ,平台停留时间显著延长( P<0. 05) ,海马组织神经元细胞排列相对紧密,胞核固缩和空泡现象得到改善,海马组织神经元细胞凋亡率显著下降( P<0. 05) ,MDA、Bax、cleaved-Caspase3 蛋白含量显著下降( P< 0. 05) ,SOD、Bcl-2、SYT1 mRNA 和蛋白含量显著 升 高 ( P < 0. 05) ;而 CHI 低 剂 量 组 大 鼠 各 项 指 标 与 模 型 组 比 并 无 显 著 改 善 ( P > 0. 05) 。结论 七氟醚吸入前预先给予高剂量 CHI 能够改善七氟醚麻醉导致的大鼠学习记忆障碍,其机制可能与降低氧化应激损伤,抑制海马神经元细胞凋亡和增加 SYT1 表达有关。     

血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆障碍的实验研究

目的:研究拟人类血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)模型大鼠学习记忆功能的改变.方法:(1)采用改良的大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)法,建立VD样学习记忆障碍的大鼠模型.实验动物随机分成3组:VD模型组、假造模实验对照组和正常对照组.(2)采用水迷宫行为学试验,观测各组大鼠的空间学习记忆功能.结果:VD模型大鼠发生了空间学习记忆功能障碍,与两对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:(1)本研究制成的VD样学习记忆障碍的动物模型具有较好的仿真脑性痴呆的特点.(2)水迷宫试验能较真实地反映动物学习记忆功能.     

证病结合的异常黑胆质型阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型的建立及行为学改变

 在前期已建立的异常黑胆质载体动物模型的基础上,采用聚集态Aβ1-40 双海马定向注射制备证病结合的异常黑胆质型阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型,并以Morris 水迷宫及跳台实验验证证病结合模型的行为学改变特点。结果表明,各组大鼠饮食、水量及体重变化:单纯(AD)组、异常黑胆质证组饮食、水量较正常对照组增加(P<0.05);证病结合的异常黑胆质型AD 模型组饮食、水量较异常黑胆质组减少(P<0.01);单纯AD 组、异常黑胆质证组、证病结合组体重较正常对照组均减轻(P<0.01)。各组大鼠Morris 水迷宫空间探索试验经过有效区域次数:与正常对照组比较,单纯AD 组、异常黑胆质证组、证病结合组经过有效区域次数均减少(P<0.01);与单纯AD 组相比,证病结合组经过有效区域次数明显减少(P<0.05)。各组大鼠跳台测试:与空白对照组比较,单纯AD 组、异常黑胆质证组和证病结合组反应期延长,潜伏期缩短,错误次数增多,学习记忆成绩明显降低(P<0.01);证病结合组与单纯痴呆组相比略低,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,在异常黑胆质载体大鼠模型的基础上,采用聚集态Aβ1-40 双海马定向注射制备证病结合的异常黑胆质型AD 模型,不仅动物体表特征的变化符合维医体液证候改变特点,通过行为学验证后学习记忆改变特点又符合西医疾病的特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.