基于灰色线性回归组合模型的火炮身管寿命预测

为了准确预测出火炮身管寿命终止时的最大射弹数,提高火炮的实用性能,该文对火炮身管内径磨损量的数学模型进行了研究.该文提出采用灰色系统理论分析的方法,将灰色模型与线性回归模型相融合,建立了灰色线性回归组合模型,得到了身管内径磨损量与射弹数的数学关系式.将该新模型与传统的灰色模型分别应用于某型火炮的身管寿命预测,通过数据对比表明了该灰色线性回归组合模型方法的有效性,使预测精度得到了提高.     

光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器炮口初速测试技术研究

在对光纤布拉格光栅应变传感原理分析的基础上,提出了一种易实用化的,能够实现武器弹丸炮口初速测试的方法,介绍了系统的基本组成,对光栅布拉格传感器弹丸炮口速度测试原理和方法进行了分析.和传统的测试方法比较,该测试方法能够实时连续测量火炮发射时每发弹丸的炮口初速,可以用于弹药可编程引信的实时装定,提高空爆弹药的杀伤力,也可以用于对火炮身管寿命的分析.     

火炮身管静态多参数测量系统的研究

针对目前火炮身管静态参数测量系统存在的精度不高、效率低、结构分散等问题,研制了一种集身管内径、烧蚀磨损及身管弯曲度测量于一体的新型高精度火炮身管测量系统。该测量系统综合利用精密机械制造、光学测试、图像采集与处理、计算机控制及软件设计等学科技术,采用了模块化设计方法,将各测量模块装置在身管膛内行走机构载体上,应用该系统对某两型火炮身管进行实际测量,各项参数指标均符合设计要求,满足了火炮身管静态多参数测量的需求。     

融合寿命数据和退化数据的防喷阀剩余寿命预测

为了解决目前利用Wiener过程对产品进行寿命预测时,由于考虑个体差异至少需要对模型的三个参数进行估计从而导致计算量较大的问题,提出了利用个体方差和总体方差的相关关系以减少待估计参数个数的寿命预测方法。利用历史寿命数据和实时退化数据,采用Bayes估计和EM(expectation maximization)算法得到性能退化信息的参数值,从而得出防喷阀的剩余寿命的概率密度函数及相关分布。仿真结果表明所提方法不仅减少了待估计参数的个数,使计算过程更简单有效,而且有效提高了剩余寿命的预测精度。     

考虑不确定测量的惯性平台剩余寿命自适应预测

针对现有剩余寿命预测方法未考虑测量误差引起的不确定性,且存在预测不确定性大的问题,提出了一种基于Wiener过程的退化过程建模方法,并将测量的不确定性考虑到剩余寿命预测中,推导出了剩余寿命的概率分布。为了实时更新模型参数,利用Kalman滤波算法实时估计Wiener过程中的漂移系数,并利用期望最大化算法实时估计其它相关参数。以某型号惯性平台的退化测量数据为例,进行了实验验证,结果表明,相比其它算法,文中算法能够降低剩余寿命预测的不确定性,提高预测精度。     

基于支持向量机的机械零件剩余寿命区间估计

为提高机械零件剩余寿命估计精度,提出了一种基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的剩余寿命区间估计模型.简要介绍SVM的线性及非线性理论,分析SVM输入变量与输出变量间的统计关系,将机械零件性能退化指标和剩余寿命分别作为SVM输入变量及输出变量.假设输入变量与残差相互独立且残差分布类型已知,采用极大似然法估计残差的分布参数,在此基础上推导一定置信水平下SVM输出变量置信区间.将均方误差作为SVM预测误差的衡量指标,应用变步长网格搜索法确定SVM参数.通过实例说明所提模型能够准确对机械零件剩余寿命进行区间估计,具有较强的工程应用价值及通用性.     

电动缸伺服系统中误差平方根控制

针对电动缸带来的速比非线性导致系统快速性和精度之间难以匹配的问题,建立了火炮身管的运动学模型和动力学模型,提出了一种变系数误差平方根和带前馈的比例积分微分(proportion integration differentiation,PID)分段控制策略,利用火炮身管的运动学模型和根据动力学模型拟合的加速度计算误差平方根控制系数,应用于系统的位置控制器设计.利用实际负载进行了台架实验研究,并与传统的误差平方根和带前馈的PID分段控制策略进行了对比.台架实验结果表明:该种变系数误差平方根和带前馈的PID分段控制策略可以明显减小火炮俯仰伺服系统的大调转时间和超调量,且不影响等速和正弦跟踪精度,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

榴弹破片对主战坦克火炮身管损伤评估研究

为进行装备部件级易损性分析与评估,以实现战时装备精确保障仿真,进行了榴弹破片对主战坦克损伤评估模型与评估仿真方法研究. 根据榴弹对主战坦克损伤模式与损伤特点分析,以主战坦克火炮身管为研究对象,利用解析法建立了火炮身管与榴弹破片的交会计算模型,并编程进行了交会数据计算,得到了榴弹在不同位置、不同方位初始条件下爆炸时,火炮身管与榴弹破片的交会规律. 依据交会数据和战损评估模型,对主战坦克火炮身管的损伤评估进行了实例分析. 研究结果为主战坦克部件级战场损伤评估提供了方法,将为战场修复与精确维修保障提供基础.     

火炮寿命评估方法试验研究

为了研究磨损烧蚀火炮寿命 ,该文通过对以往火炮寿命评估方法进行分析 ,提出一种通过测量火炮内膛磨损烧蚀的新方法 ,判定火炮的弹道性能和所发射的弹数以及火炮寿命终止时的寿命发数。针对某些火炮 ,给出具体计算的经验公式 ,并通过一些试验数据对所建立的公式进行了验证 ,从而证明了采用测量火炮内膛的磨损烧蚀的方法来预测火炮寿命是可行的     

油气集输管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测软件开发

为提高腐蚀管道剩余寿命预测的计算效率,利用VB6.0开发出油气集输管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测软件.介绍软件开发过程所基于的理论基础,软件的操作流程、操作界面和操作方法.为验证软件计算的可行性,通过收集的海洋立管腐蚀速率数据和结构相应的参数,对海洋立管的腐蚀速率和腐蚀剩余寿命进行预测,预测结果表明该软件不仅具有较高预测精度,而且提高计算效率,可为腐蚀的油气集输管道的定期检测、及时修补与更换提供一定的参考作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.