含氰基苯并噁嗪的合成及热性能研究

以4-氰基苯酚、苯胺、多聚甲醛为起始原料,以甲苯为溶剂制备了苯并噁嗪中间体。用FTIR、1 HNMR和13 CNMR对苯并噁嗪中间体进行了表征,同时,用DSC对其固化行为进行表征。通过TGA对聚苯并噁嗪的热稳定性进行了测试。DSC研究结果表明:苯并噁嗪中间体的熔融温度为117.90℃,开环聚合的起始温度为225.00℃,固化峰值温度为232.10℃,低于类似结构的苯酚/苯胺型苯并噁嗪。TGA研究表明:聚苯并噁嗪5%热失重温度为302.26℃,10%热失重温度为351.85℃,最大失重速率温度为433.91℃,残炭率为55.63%。与其他类似结构的苯并噁嗪相比,氰基的引入使其固化物的残炭率和热稳定性明显提高。     

生物基聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的制备与性能研究

以生物质原料双酚酸甲酯(MDP)和双酚A(BA)为酚源,以聚醚胺D230为胺源与多聚甲醛经Mannich反应制得不同比例BA与MDP的苯并噁嗪前驱体.利用核磁共振(~1H NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)对苯并噁嗪前驱体的化学结构进行了表征,结果表明制备得到的产物与所设计的结构相符.利用差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Calorimeter,DSC)对得到产物的热性能进行表征,结果表明所得前驱体的固化起始温度(T_(onset))为208.0～225.9℃,固化峰值温度(T_(peak))为240.0～246.6℃,与石油基纯BA制备得到的前驱体样品比较,两者固化温度相当.通过热重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)和拉伸试验对聚苯并噁嗪的力学性能进行了测试,结果表明,制得的聚苯并噁嗪具有较好的热稳定性和力学性能,得到的产物中MDP所占比例最高的聚苯并噁嗪PBA/MDP010-D230具有最佳综合性能.热重分析结果表明,PBA/MDP010-D230在氮气氛围下的5%热失重温度和10%热失重温度分别为356.3℃和373.0℃,且其在氮气氛围中800℃下的残炭率可达38.3%.PBA/MDP010-D230的力学性能测试显示其拉伸强度高达68.9 MPa,同时具有6.6%的断裂伸长率,这一结果表明了其具有较好的力学性能.     

木质素催化固化苯并噁嗪及其产物热性能研究

以对甲酚-苯胺型苯并噁嗪为模型化合物,玉米秸秆木质素为固化催化剂,用¹H-NMR研究木质素催化苯并噁嗪的聚合机理。随后将木质素与双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪共混,得到不同木质素质量分数（0、0.5%、1%、2%、5%）的共混体系。通过DSC研究了共混体系的固化行为,并用DMA、TGA对固化产物热性能进行测试。结果表明：在木质素催化作用下,苯并噁嗪首先开环聚合生成含苯氧结构和Mannich桥结构的中间体,而苯氧结构中间体不稳定,会重排生成Mannich桥结构的最终产物;木质素的引入显著降低了苯并噁嗪的固化温度,且随着木质素含量的增加,共混体系的起始固化温度和固化峰值温度均逐渐降低;与聚苯并噁嗪相比,共混体系固化产物的玻璃化转变温度升高,分解温度略有下降,800 ℃时的残炭率有所提高。     

二胺型聚苯并噁嗪涂层在低碳钢表面的防腐蚀性能

以二胺型苯并噁嗪为前驱体,通过浸涂和热固化的方法在低碳钢表面制备了聚苯并噁嗪涂层。二胺型聚苯并噁嗪涂层具有良好的成膜性,并对低碳钢基体具有良好的附着力。采用动电位极化测试和交流阻抗测试考察了固化温度对聚苯并噁嗪涂层防腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同固化温度制备出的聚苯并噁嗪均具有良好的防腐蚀效果;其中,固化温度为150℃时所制备的涂层防腐蚀性能最佳,腐蚀电流为1.49×10~(-8) A/cm~2,相比空白低碳钢样品的腐蚀电流(6.91×10~(-6)A/cm~2)下降了2个数量级。     

末端带苯并噁嗪环的树枝状高分子的合成

采用溶剂法,以1.0GPAMAM和2.0GPAMAM为原料,与苯酚、多聚甲醛反应分别制备了2种新型的树枝状苯并噁嗪:1.0G苯并噁嗪(1.0GBZ)和2.0G苯并噁嗪(2.0GBZ).利用1 H NMR,FT-IR和DSC对其结构和固化行为进行了表征.通过TGA考察了所得聚合物的耐热性能.     

含氟苯并噁唑聚合物的合成

以双酚AF为原料,通过硝化和还原合成得到含氟苯并噁唑聚合物的单体2,2-双(4-羟基-3-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷(3)。将等摩尔量的对苯二甲酰氯与化合物3反应制得邻羟基酰胺聚合物5,然后再高温脱水环化即得到含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6。通过红外、质谱和核磁等表征手段确定了双酚AF的硝化产物2和含氟苯并噁唑聚合物单体3结构。邻羟基酰胺聚合物5及含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6的结构由红外表征确定。热重分析表明,含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6的5%失重温度为530℃,分解温度为573℃,具有良好的热稳定性。     

聚苯并嗯嗪材料PB-m和PB—a的制备及其表面性能

合成了以双酚A为骨架,含甲基的B-m苯并嗯嗪单体和含苯基的B—a苯并嗯嗪单体,考察了温度、时间等因素对聚苯并嗯嗪成膜后表面能的影响,并对聚苯并嗯嗪材料的成膜性能、热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明：苯并嗯嗪单体B-m和B-a在210℃固化1h后得到聚苯并嗯嗪膜层的表面能最低,分别为16．0mJ／m^2和16．6mJ／m^2...     

碳纤维表面对苯并噁嗪树脂固化动力学的影响

采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了不同表面特征的碳纤维对苯并噁嗪树脂固化动力学的影响。用Kissinger方程分析计算了苯并噁嗪及其复合材料的固化反应表观活化能和反应级数。结果表明碳纤维表面的—OH和—COOH等弱酸性官能团对苯并噁嗪的固化反应具有催化作用，同时碳纤维的加入对其固化反应具有延缓作用。碳纤维表面的环氧涂层对苯并噁嗪的固化反应温度、固化速率以及表观反应活化能和反应级数等也有明显的影响。     

双酚A型聚苯并噁嗪的动态力学行为与交联网络结构

以碳纤维为增强体，在较宽的温度范围内（50～350℃），对不同固化条件下的双酚A型聚苯并噁嗪进行动态力学分析（DMA），研究其高温松弛行为。tan占温度谱上多个峰的出现，表明双酚A型聚苯并噁嗪有多重高温松弛行为。原子力显微镜用来研究聚苯并噁嗪浇注体弯曲断面的微观形貌，结果表明：双酚A型聚苯并噁嗪的交联网络为非均相结构，高模量的“致密相”分散在低模量的“疏松相”中。聚苯并噁嗪的多重松弛行为与其微观非均相结构相关。低官能度苯并噁嗪的加入有利于化学交联的高模量致密相的形成，使聚合物的α3松弛峰高降低。     

单宁对苯并噁嗪开环聚合及其热稳定性影响研究

为研究单宁对苯并噁嗪开环聚合的影响,首先制备了单宁/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪(Ba)和单宁/苯酚-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并噁嗪(p-MDA)混合物。然后通过凝胶化时间和DSC测试研究单宁对Ba和p-MDA开环聚合的影响,结果表明单宁可以催化苯并噁嗪的开环聚合。接着,通过TGA测试研究单宁对苯并噁嗪热稳定性的影响,结果表明除单宁含量在1%时会使双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪固化物(PBa)的800℃残炭率增加约20%外,单宁对PBa和苯酚-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并噁嗪固化物(Pp-MDA)的热稳定几乎没有影响。因而,单宁可以作为苯并噁嗪开环聚合的催化剂使用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.