最小粒径钒/铁共掺杂纳米TiO2透明光触媒乳液的制备及其光催化性能

采用常温络合-控制水解法,以TiCl4、硝酸铁、偏钒酸铵等为主要实验原料,制备出了平均粒径为3.8 nm的钒/铁共掺杂纳米TiO2透明光触媒乳液.对样品的组成、物相、粒径、光吸收、光催化等性质,通过XRD、EDS、纳米激光粒度分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等设备来进行表征.采用酸性红3R染料为实验降解材料,研究了钒/铁共掺杂纳米TiO2光触媒的光催化特性.结果表明,样品乳液的光催化性能在回流时间是15 min,pH值是6,钒/铁掺杂量的比例是0.5％时达到最好.将加入相同酸性红3R染料溶液的样品乳液,在太阳光照持续60 min的条件下,降解率最高能够达到96％以上.     

复合纳米TiO_2透明光触媒乳液的制备及性能

采用草酸、四氯化钛、氨水、氟化铵、硼酸等药品为主要实验原料,通过常温络合-控制水解新实验方法,制备出硼氟共掺杂的纳米TiO_2透明乳液.将样品置于小型太阳光模拟器的模拟太阳光下照射,进行对酸性红3R染料的降解实验,分别对染料初始浓度、样品掺杂浓度、掺杂纳米TiO_2体系pH值、加热回流时间等变量对降解效果的影响进行相关讨论.实验结果表明,硼/氟掺杂浓度达到0.003mol/L,pH值为6,回流时间为15min时,制备的纳米TiO_2样品的光催化性能最佳.在模拟太阳光照射1h后,质量浓度50mg/L的酸性红3R染料溶液降解率可达98%以上.     

最小粒径硫/氟共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能

以TiCl4、有机羧酸、NH3·H2O、硫脲、氟化铵、D-山梨醇等为主要实验药品,采用常温络合-控制水解法,制备出平均粒径为2.7nm的硫和氟共掺杂纳米二氧化钛透明光触媒乳液。采用XRD、纳米激光粒度分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对样品的物相、粒径、组成、光吸收、光催化等性质进行了表征。利用酸性红3R染料研究透明乳液的光催化活性部分影响因素。结果表明硫/氟共掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂降解酸性红3R染料的最佳条件为硫/氟掺杂质量分数为0.3%,反应体系pH为6,染料的初始质量浓度为50mg/L。     

La~(3+)-Yb~(3+)/TiO_2纳米功能材料光催化性能的研究

采用超声波震荡法合成了不同La3+、Yb3+掺杂量、不同焙烧温度的La3+-Yb3+/TiO2纳米光催化剂,并对所制得的样品进行了SEM、XRD、FT-IR表征;以碱性品红为目标降解物测试了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:所制样品为纳米级粉体,稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂能细化晶粒,使样品表面积增大,提供更多活性位,提高了样品的催化活性;样品晶型为锐钛矿相TiO2,稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂能抑制金红石相生成,提高样品的热稳定性;随着稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂量的增加,纳米TiO2表面将吸附更多的羟基,羟基具有很高的氧化性,能降解有机物,提高样品的催化性能;光催化实验表明,在500℃焙烧,当n(La3+-Yb3+)∶n(TiO2)=5%时,光催化性能最好,催化剂用量为0.15g/150mL加入1mL氧化剂30%双氧水,在无灯源照射、常温常压不需通氧的条件下,降解浓度为10mg/L碱性品红溶液50min时,降解率达到98.7%.     

稀土掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解氯胺磷

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备稀土掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,利用x射线衍射仪和FE-SEM等对样品的结构和形貌进行表征.以有机磷农药氯胺磷为光催化降解对象,研究稀土掺杂浓度、热处理温度、溶液初始浓度及溶液的pH值等因素对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明:稀土掺杂可以抑制TiO2锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,抑制纳米晶体的生长,从而提高光催化活性;La3+最佳掺杂量为0.5%,Ce3+最佳掺杂量为1%,合适的热处理温度为500℃,氯胺磷溶液初始质量浓度为20 mg/L,酸性或碱性条件下的降解效果比中性条件的好.     

铬掺杂纳米二氧化钛乳液的制备及其光催化性能

以四氯化钛(TiCl₄)、硝酸铬(Cr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O)、D-山梨糖醇、有机羧酸等为主要原材料,采用新技术——络合-控制水解法,在室温下合成铬(Cr)掺杂纳米TiO₂无色透明乳液.分别用XRD、纳米激光粒度分析仪、和紫外-可见分光光度仪等,对样品的物相、粒径、组成、光吸收、光催化等性质进行了表征.结果显示,当Cr的掺杂物质的量比为0.5%,回流时间为15 min,pH为6时,所得样品Cr掺杂纳米TiO₂无色透明乳液的光催化性能最好;在光照50 min后,其对酸性红3R的降解率最大达96%.     

La掺杂对纳米TiO2薄膜晶体结构和光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法在玻璃表面制备La掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过对紫外光照射下亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解率评价其光催化性能;研究不同掺杂量、热处理温度以及pH值对La掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响,并对其光催化的影响机制进行探讨.研究结果表明:适量La掺杂能抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,引起晶格膨胀,导致晶格畸变;La掺杂使TiO2的吸收光谱发生红移,扩展TiO2的光谱吸收范围,有效地提高纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,且光催化反应符合一级动力学方程:La掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.5%的纳米TiO2薄膜在400℃热处理2 h后具有最大的光催化效率98.2%,其光催化效率比纯TiO2薄膜的光催化效率提高约40%.     

稀土离子(Sm~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯和稀土氧化物Sm2O3、La2O3为原料,分别制备了掺杂稀土离子Sm2+和La3+的纳米TiO2光催化剂,分别进行了两种离子掺杂纳米材料在甲基橙溶液中的光催化降解实验,通过对制备条件优化,研究了光降解条件对降解效果的影响.结果表明:La2+掺杂纳米TiO2材料的光催化活性要优于Sm3+掺杂纳米TiO2材料.     

Fe~(3+)/La~(3+)共掺杂纳米TiO_2制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备系列Fe3+/La3+共掺杂的纳米TiO2,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线能谱仪(EDS),紫外-可见吸收光谱等技术对催化剂进行表征,并以甲基橙溶液为降解目标,测定其在紫外光下光催化活性.结果表明:Fe3+,La3+的掺杂能有效减小TiO2纳米粒子的平均晶粒尺寸,提高了TiO2纳米粉体的分散性;Fe3+/La3+共掺杂的纳米复合光催化剂的吸收强度明显增加,在紫外光下2h后,Fe3+/La3+共掺杂TiO2对甲基橙溶液的降解率达98%以上.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La3+、碳纳米管掺杂纳米TiO2及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别制备了不同掺杂量的La3 掺杂TiO2、多壁碳纳米管掺杂TiO2及La3 与碳纳米管共掺杂纳米TiO2粒子.通过紫外光照射甲基橙溶液的光催化降解实验,研究了掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响.实验表明,适量的La3 掺杂可以提高TiO2的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为La3 摩尔分数等于0.08%,碳纳米管掺杂也可以提高TiO2的光催化活性,La3 与碳纳米管共掺杂TiO2具有最高的光催化活性.10%(碳原子的摩尔分数)碳纳米管、0.08%La3 (摩尔分数)共掺杂TiO2在1 h内对甲基橙溶液的降解率达到84%,而纯TiO2在1 h内对甲基橙溶液的降解率只有约53%.X衍射图谱和透射电镜分析表明,制得的TiO2均为锐钛矿型,晶粒直径约为8～25 nm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-