小鼠结核分枝杆菌感染模型用于评价重组HBHA疫苗免疫效果的实验研究

目的通过复制小鼠结核病模型评价重组HBHA疫苗的免疫效果。方法将重组肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)疫苗接种BALB/c小鼠,观察其诱导的细胞免疫应答水平,并以MTB H37Rv毒株攻击免疫小鼠,研究重组疫苗诱导的保护力。结果重组HBHA免疫BALB/c小鼠后可诱发细胞毒作用,将体内MTB裂解。重组疫苗不仅能刺激CD4+T,CD8+T增殖、活化,还可诱导脾细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-2等细胞因子。H37Rv毒株攻击后,被免疫小鼠的组织病理学症状减轻。结论本研究通过检测小鼠体内细胞免疫应答和肺脏组织病理学改变等指标,客观的反映了重组疫苗免疫小鼠结核模型的保护效果。     

结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗对结核杆菌感染小鼠的免疫保护效果研究

为研究结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗的免疫原性及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果,将雌性C57BL／6N小鼠32只,随机分为4组,即结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗组、BCG组、pcDNA3．1（＋）组和PBS组。取小鼠脾细胞培养上清检测细胞因子水平;并按效靶比例分别为100：1、50：1、10：1进行CIL杀伤活性检测。用结核杆菌H37Rv国际标准强毒株静脉注射攻击小鼠,计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数,对小鼠部分肺和脾组织作病理切片,HE染色观察组织病变程度,Z—N染色检查抗酸杆菌,观察陔疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果。结果表明,结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染有一定的免疫保护效果,可诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-1分泌增加,IL-4分泌减少,CTL特异件活性增加;使小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数较空载体组显著减少,组织病变明显减轻。     

表达结核分枝杆菌融合抗原TB10.4-HspX的重组酵母免疫效果研究

结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的传染病,其防治难点主要在于抗药性菌株的出现以及唯一的抗结核疫苗——卡介苗的效果不理想.为发展新型抗结核疫苗,本研究中构建了表达结核分枝杆菌融合抗原TB10.4-HspX(TB10H)的重组酿酒酵母,分别以皮下注射和滴鼻两种方式免疫小鼠,检测免疫效果.结果显示,该重组酿酒酵母通过皮下注射的方式免疫后刺激小鼠产生TB10H特异性抗体IgG,分泌Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ,而且重组酵母免疫后在一定程度上刺激小鼠树突状细胞的成熟分化和抗原递呈作用.一系列结果表明,表达融合抗原TB10H的重组酿酒酵母能够有效激发小鼠抗原特异性免疫应答.     

结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白Rv0849免疫学特性的初步检测

探讨了结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白Rv0849作为药泵蛋白的转运功能及其作为外源蛋白免疫诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生免疫应答的能力.从H37Rv基因组中扩增获得Rv0849基因,酶切后连接到分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pMV261上构建重组质粒pMV0849,并以耻垢分枝杆菌为载体构建获得重组菌株SM(0849).检测药物对重组菌株SM(0849)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)变化,用重组菌株免疫C57BL/6小鼠检测其作为外源蛋白免疫诱导小鼠产生的免疫应答反应.结果表明,重组菌株SM(0849)对药物的耐受性没有明显提高,但能够较早、较好地诱导小鼠体液免疫应答水平,并能通过刺激小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞促使其分泌高水平的肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ.Rv0849所编码的蛋白具有较弱的药泵功能,但有潜力成为一种新的免疫抗原.     

结核分支杆菌Ag85B DNA疫苗构建、免疫原性及其保护效力

构建结核分支杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B编码基因的DNA疫苗,研究其免疫原性和保护效力.构建该DNA疫苗并经鉴定后,应用Qiagen试剂盒大量纯化无内毒素的质粒DNA.将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,分别3周间隔3次用生理盐水（A）、载体质粒（B）、卡介苗（C）、Ag85B DNA疫苗（D）免疫小鼠,通过ELISA方法检测血清中抗Ag85B抗体及其亚型.第三次免疫后28 d用结核分支杆菌H37Rv攻击,观察小鼠体重变化,攻击4周后检测细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12,进行肺组织病理检查及菌落计数等.经Ag85B DNA疫苗免疫的小鼠特异性抗体IgG均显著高于对照组,而且IgG2b均高于IgG1和IgG2a.结核分支杆菌攻击后各组小鼠体重变化呈现不同趋势,A、B组小鼠体重从第3周开始下降;C组体重总体呈上升趋势;D组体重第2周开始下降,之后维持不变.MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖实验中D组的刺激指数显著高于其它组;D组小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化率也显著高于A、B组.肺组织菌落计数C组最低,其次是D组.大体病理结果显示C组和D组肺组织病变较A、B组轻.A、B组肺泡腔内有较多渗出液,肺泡壁充血、水肿.C组肉芽肿数目最多.上述结果表明Ag85B DNA疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,呈TH1型细胞介导的免疫应答.Ag85B DNA疫苗的免疫保护效力不如BCG,有待进一步研究其应用价值.     

表达结核杆菌抗原的重组酿酒酵母免疫小鼠研究

近年来研究显示全细胞重组酿酒酵母疫苗具有治疗性疫苗潜能.为了研究重组酿酒酵母结核病候选疫苗的免疫效果,将IFN-γ基因与结核杆菌抗原蛋白Ag85B、ESAT6的基因融合,利用pHR酿酒酵母表达系统和同源重组方法,成功构建了以酿酒酵母Y16为宿主的表达融合蛋白IF-γ-Ag85B和IF-γ-ESAT6-Ag85B的重组酿...     

结核分枝杆菌底物蛋白rRv1976c在结核病辅助诊断中的价值

目的检测并比较结核分枝杆菌底物蛋白rRv1976c刺激活动性结核病患者(ATBs)、潜伏感染者(LTBIs)和健康对照者(HCs)外周血T细胞产生IFN-γ水平,评价rRv1976c在诊断结核病中的潜在价值。方法构建重组载体pPROEX-Rv1976c,表达并纯化底物蛋白rRv1976c;从山西省长治医学院和平医院募集32例受试者,依照rEC-全血IFN-γ分析试验(rEC-WBIA)诊断标准和临床诊断标准分组并进行WBIA试验。结果成功构建pPROEX-Rv1976c质粒,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物rRv1976c分子量为15.96 kD,与预期相符,蛋白质印迹法证实表达正确;rRv1976c刺激ATBs外周血T细胞产生的IFN-γ水平显著高于LTBIs(u=3.783,P0.05)和HCs(u=3.907,P0.05),LTBIs组也显著高于HCs(u=3.674,P0.05)。结论 rRv1976c在结核病辅助诊断中具有潜在价值。     

GST-MIG，GST-IP-10融合蛋白原核载体的构建与表达

目的探讨GST-MIG,GST-IP-10融合蛋白原核载体的构建与表达.方法高压水动力尾静脉注射pCMV-tag2B空载质粒的12只小鼠为对照组,注射pCMV-tag2B-HBx质粒的12只小鼠为观察组.采用Elisa法检测IFN-γ表达;采用免疫组化法检测小鼠肝脏中MIG,IP-10表达;扩增MIG,IP-10基因至pET42a,构建载体后行IPTG诱导表达;采用PAGE和Western blot法鉴定蛋白表达;采用GST柱纯化表达蛋白。结果对照组小鼠肝脏中无MIG,IP-10表达,观察组小鼠肝脏中有MIG,IP-10表达;观察组小鼠肝脏中IFN-γ表达升高21.4%,对照组降低了54.1%,与小鼠肝脏中MIG,IP-10表达一致;MIG基因条带为330 bp,IP-10基因条带为246 bp,经重组质粒测序模版检测,并与Blast进行对比,测序结果与目的基因一致;未诱导组无蛋白表达,pET42a空载IPTG诱导仅有GST表达(26 kD),pET42a-mMIG,pET42a-mIP-10重组质粒IPTG诱导有mMIG,mIP-10表达;25℃下,IPTG质量浓度为0.2 mmol/L,转速为150 r/min,GST-MIG,GST-IP-10融合蛋白含量最高;上清经15%SDS-PAGE检测可提高目的蛋白纯度;采用Western blot检测融合蛋白,经GST柱纯化后可见融合蛋白条带.结论 GST-MIG,GST-IP-10融合蛋白原核载体可成功构建,具有高效表达特征,为制备抗体提供了良好条件.     

牛种布鲁氏菌2308紫外诱变株毒力检测及其对昆明系小鼠的免疫效果研究

为了检测牛种布鲁氏菌2308紫外诱变株毒力和免疫效果,本实验以S19疫苗株为对照,用牛种布鲁氏菌基因缺失株紫外线照射组(2308△rwbk A、2308△romp25和2308△rery)和非照射组(2308△wbk A、2308△omp25和2308△ery)分别侵染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,对小鼠巨噬细胞内的细菌进行计数评价毒力致弱情况;用牛种布鲁氏菌基因缺失株紫外照射组、非照射组以及S19疫苗株分别以1×107CFU/0.2 m L免疫4-6周龄昆明系小鼠,通过ELISA检测小鼠血清中布鲁氏菌Ig G抗体和IFN-γ细胞因子,同时分离脾脏,CFU计数布鲁氏菌胞内菌数量;用2308强毒株以3×108CFU/0.2 m L腹腔感染各组免疫10周后小鼠,脾脏CFU评价各受试组小鼠的免疫效果。结果表明:在细胞水平,紫外线照射后的布鲁氏菌基因突变株其CFU较紫外线非照射组有不同程度的下降,统计学分析无显著性差异(P0.05),但均高于S19胞内菌CFU;与S19疫苗株相比,2308△rwbk A和2308△rery紫外线照射组与其对应的2株紫外线非照射组在不同检测阶段,其Ig G和IFN-γ含量水平相当,但2308△romp25紫外线照射菌株组在第6、8周,其Ig G和IFN-γ含量均高于2308△omp25紫外线非照射菌株组和S19免疫组,统计学分析有显著性差异(0.01P0.05);攻毒实验表明:经过紫外照射的romp25缺失株产生的保护力高于其它未经过紫外照射的缺失株,但低于S19疫苗株免疫效果。结论:紫外诱变株romp25毒力进一步降低而且能够产生一定的保护效果。     

CO2激光联合IFN-γ局部注射治疗尖锐湿疣临床观察

探讨CO2激光联合INF-γ局部注射对减少尖锐湿疣复发的影响.结果治疗组的复发率明显低于对照组(x2=5.50,P＜0.05).表明IFN-γ是有效预防尖锐湿疣复发的免疫制剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.