内源菌激活营养成分在石英砂上的吸附行为

为了确定微生物采油所用营养成分在地层中的损耗情况,在模拟油藏条件下,分别利用浸泡法和物质平衡法研究了微生物采油中内源菌激活常用营养组分(葡萄精、硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾)在石英砂上的静态和动态吸附作用.实验结果表明:3种组分中葡萄糖的静态吸附量和动态滞留量最高,分别为8.5×10-4和8.9×10-4而硝酸钾和磷酸二氢钾的吸附较弱,其静态吸附量与动态滞留馈都仅在1×10-4左右;动态吸附实验中,注入营养液1.5VP(VP为孔隙体积)时,岩心各组分的出口质量浓度接近入口质量浓度,转水驱2VP时,出口质量浓度接近0,表明动态驱替时吸附作用较弱.     

十八烷基三甲基氯化铵在硫酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能研究

采用静态失重法、动电位极化曲线法和交流阻抗法研究了十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(STAC)在硫酸介质中对A3钢的缓蚀行为。探讨了其对A3钢的缓蚀作用机理;并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀表面的形貌。结果表明,不同温度下,缓蚀率随STAC浓度增大而增大;在浓度为10 mg/L时,失重缓蚀率达80%以上。极化曲线试验结果显示STAC是一种以控制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂;且静态失重法、动电位极化曲线法和交流阻抗法试验结果相一致。STAC在A3钢表面的吸附服从校正后的Langmiur吸附等温模型,是一种化学吸附作用的自发吸附;且吸附是一个放热的熵减小的过程。扫描电镜实验结果表明,STAC能有效抑制硫酸对A3钢的腐蚀。     

固定化藻细胞对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

对水中Cu(Ⅱ )的吸附进行静态实验研究、研究了藻细胞浓度 ,溶液的酸度及反应时间等因素对Cu(Ⅱ )吸附效果的影响 ,并与未包埋固定的普通小球藻吸附Cu(Ⅱ )效果进行对照比较 .试验结果表明 :固定化藻细胞对水中Cu(Ⅱ )的吸附率明显高于未固定化藻细胞 ,pH值是影响吸附率的主要因素 ,固定化藻细胞对Cu(Ⅱ )的吸附是一个快吸附 ,固定化藻细胞可以用 0 5mol/L解吸和再生 ,解吸率在 80 %以上 .     

有机改性承德沸石处理含铬（Ⅵ）废水

采用表面活性剂HDTMA对河北承德沸石改性,应用静态吸附实验对改性沸石吸附铬(Ⅵ)的效果进行研究,发现经HDTMA改性的吸附方式主要是静电吸附,其最佳改性质量浓度为0.5%,去除率提高30%以上;吸附过程最佳pH值为2左右,在0~200 mg/L浓度范围内,Freundlich等温线具有较高的符合性.同时通过对经质量浓度为7%NaCl与0.5%HDTMA复合改性沸石除铬(Ⅵ)的效率对比发现,沸石孔径孔容等物理特性对去除效率有较大影响.     

粉末活性炭对水中嗅味物质IPMP和IBMP的吸附特性

研究粉末活性炭(PAC)对水中嗅味物质2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪(IPMP)和2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(IBMP)的吸附特性,考察pH、共存离子、本底值和预氯化对吸附作用的影响,并分析吸附动力学和等温吸附模型。研究结果表明:PAC对IPMP和IBMP吸附效果较好,当投加量为25 mg/L时,对IPMP和IBMP的去除率分别为88.74%和95.31%,IBMP比IPMP更容易被吸附;在试验浓度范围内,吸附等温线符合修正的Freundlich方程,吸附速率符合二级反应动力学模型,以化学吸附为主;pH对吸附有一定影响,强酸性环境对吸附有明显的抑制作用,最佳吸附pH为10;对于IBMP,共存离子均有利于吸附;PAC对于IPMP,Ca2+有利于吸附,Na+和Cl-不利于吸附;在原水中,两者的吸附容量明显降低,主要是小分子有机物产生竞争吸附;余氯对PAC吸附IPMP和IBMP有明显抑制作用;随着氯质量浓度增大,抑制作用加强。     

氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛改性超滤膜去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

采用氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛(NH2-MCM-41)接枝改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜,并用于去除水中重金属Cr(VI)研究.NH2-MCM-41成功接枝于超滤膜表面,并在表面形成均匀的亲水层,显著提高了膜的抗污染性能,过水通量衰减率从51.4%降低到24.8%.在p H 3.5,初始质量浓度20 mg/L时,改性超滤膜对Cr(VI)的吸附在5min达到快速平衡,吸附容量达到2.8 mg/g.超滤实验表明,NH2-MCM-41改性超滤膜对低质量浓度Cr(VI)进水可实现进一步净化,超滤运行时长11 h,出水Cr(VI)质量浓度始终维持低于0.5 mg/L,可有效提升膜的抗污染能力和对重金属的去除能力.     

敌百虫和敌敌畏在黄河水体沉积物上的吸附机理

研究了黄河水体沉积物对有机磷农药敌百虫和敌敌畏的吸附特性及机理．结果表明，沉积物对黄河水中敌百虫和敌敌畏的吸附符合Freundlich等温式和Langmuir等温式，是表面吸附和分配作用共同作用的结果．对表面吸附和分配作用在沉积物吸附敌百虫和敌敌畏的相对贡献率进行了定量描述，它们均为浓度的函数，敌百虫的吸附作用以表面吸附为主，而敌敌畏的吸附作用以分配作用为主．     

分子膜（MD）在岩石粉表面的吸附特征及提高采收率研究

分子膜驱油技术因其操作运用简单、不伤害储层、价格便宜等优点而成为提高油田采收率的重要方法之一。采用紫外分光光度计法研究了分子膜(MD)在陆梁油田白垩系呼图壁河组岩石粉上的静态吸附特征以及在模拟岩心中的动态吸附规律,采用Zetasizer2000研究了分子膜(MD)吸附在石英砂表面的Zeta电位变化;并进行了分子膜(MD)室内驱油实验研究。研究结果表明:1分子膜(MD)在岩石粉上12 h后吸附可达到平衡,吸附量受液固比、膜剂浓度影响,动态吸附特征曲线可分为3个阶段;2分子膜(MD)吸附在石英砂表面后会提高石英砂表面的Zeta电位,使石英砂表面呈电中性或弱正电性;3分子膜(MD)驱可降低注入压力及后续水驱注入压力,总体采收率在水驱的基础上再把采收率提高8%左右。     

硫酸改性活性炭及其去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

探讨了硫酸改性活性炭的制备方法,以及改性炭吸附去除水中Cr(VI)的效果、条件与作用机理.结果表明,硫酸改性活性炭制备方法为:将5 g原炭浸泡在100 mL浓度为1 mol/L的硫酸溶液中改性时间4 h,改性温度60℃.改性炭吸附去除Cr(VI)的最佳方式为:溶液pH值3-5,改性炭投加比为1:100(重量比),(补充单位),Cr(VI)去除率为95.6%(较原炭提高了19.6%).改性炭强化Cr(VI)去除的机理主要是:改性炭表面酸性基团含量显著增加,表面极性和亲水性增强,因而对亲水性的Cr2O72-离子吸附能力增强;且活性炭在改性过程中表面形成了大量带正电荷的基团,强化了与Cr2O72-负离子的异电吸附作用.     

低温条件下3种填料吸附氨氮的研究

通过对低温下(5~15℃)火山岩、陶粒、沸石吸附水中氨氮的静态、动力学和热力学试验,分析探究低温条件下曝气生物滤池填料对水中氨氮的吸附能力。结果表明:火山岩、陶粒、沸石均在50 min内达到动态吸附平衡;在5、15℃时,沸石对20 mg/L氨氮吸附的平衡吸附量分别为0.120 8、0.138 4 mg/g,陶粒为0.117 6、0.125 9 mg/g,火山岩为0.059 3、0.074 2 mg/g;从15℃降低到5℃,火山岩、陶粒、沸石的平衡吸附量分别下降20.08%、6.60%、12.72%;通过等温模型拟合发现,在5~15℃温度条件下3种填料对氨氮均以单层吸附为主,吸附作用明显,且吸附反应为吸热反应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to