高超声速气动热的耦合计算方法研究

为了准确预测高超声速飞行器承受的气动热载荷,需要进行流动-传热耦合分析.采用耦合传热方法,考虑流体流动和结构传热之间的实时相互影响,对圆柱壳高超声速气动加热风洞实验进行了三维非定常数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了全面对比,得到的表面压力、冷壁热流、热壁热流和温度分布与实验结果符合良好,验证了耦合计算方法的准确性,提高了气动热模拟精度,实现了气动加热的准确计算.     

高超声速壁板流固热耦合建模与分析

基于气动热、气动弹性双向耦合的热气弹分析方法,建立了高超声速三维壁板流固热耦合分析模型。气动力计算采用三阶活塞理论,气动热计算采用参考温度法,热传导和结构响应采用有限元方法进行。研究了不同边界条件、飞行轨迹下耦合方式对三维壁板热气弹响应的影响。结果表明:不同流固热耦合机制对高超声速气流中壁板响应预测影响各不相同,表明了研究的必要性。     

多工况下高超声速飞行器再入时流场的计算

为了弄清典型高超声速飞行器再入时处于连续区的流场状态,采用多组分、考虑非平衡态气体振动激发与化学反应过程的守恒型Navier-Stokes方程组,并用高分辨率TVD格式进行求解,获得了不同飞行工况下飞行器流场的气动热力学(尤其是壁面热流密度)和热-化学非平衡态特性,数值结果与风洞试验及飞行数据吻合较好.通过对多个工况点下流场状态的分析与对比,给出了高超声速飞行器在整个再入过程中的壁面热流密度值、气动力系数,尤其是计算域内热力学非平衡区的分布特性,这对有效地完成飞行器热防护设计具有积极意义.     

高超声速飞行器结构热气动弹性优化设计

基于高超声速飞行器X-43外形尺寸,构建含有隔热层的全机结构有限元模型。根据分层求解思路,考虑了气动热载荷作用下结构温度的稳态特性,忽略气动热对气动力和结构弹性力的弱耦合效应。使用三阶活塞理论对其进行频域内气动力计算,采用参考焓法求得模型表面的热流密度,进而计算出经过隔热层作用后,蒙皮表面的温度分布以及相应的热应力;在对结构的刚度矩阵进行修正后,采用p-k法迭代求解其临界颤振速度。以复合材料铺层角度和铺层顺序为设计变量,在全机结构、重量保持不变的情况下,对其进行以临界颤振速度为优化目标的气动弹性优化设计,使结构的颤振特性有了较大的改善。     

基于热固耦合预应力的发动机叶片模态分析方法

发动机叶片在工作环境中承受着热载荷、离心载荷和气动载荷的共同作用,导致材料的机械性能发生变化,使得发动机叶片振动频率及形态与室温静止状态有所不同。为了综合考虑各种因素的共同影响,准确分析发动机叶片在实际工作状态下的固有振动频率及振型,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS,由热分析得到叶片的温度场,并将其耦合到结构分析单元,进行结构分析得到叶身的热应力分布后,施加离心载荷与气动载荷,对叶片进行重启动分析,得到叶片的综合应力分布,并以此为预应力对叶片进行模态分析,计算叶片工作状态下的固有振动频率及振型。分析中综合考虑了温度场及应力场对叶片模态的影响,找到了基于热固耦合预应力的发动机叶片模态分析方法。     

高超声速飞行器模型弹性特性影响的机理分析

针对高超声速飞行器的弹性效应对气动及推进系统的耦合影响,基于一类高超声速飞行器构型,采用机理分析方法,分析飞行器弹性形变,计算飞行器机身和控制面发生弹性形变后的气动布局及发动机推进系统的推力,研究了弹性效应对气动及推进系统的耦合影响.仿真分析表明:当飞行器机身发生弹性形变时,升力、阻力、俯仰力矩及推力变化明显.低阶弹性模态对飞行器的影响起主导作用,弹性效应的影响在建模中不容忽视.     

轨道再入飞行器气动热力学环境研究

 高超声速飞行器气动热力学环境研究是直接涉及轨道飞行器飞行控制、热防护设计和热安全的关键问题之一。本文借助于多组分、考虑非平衡态气体的振动以及激波与热化学非平衡态效应的守恒积分型Navier-Stokes方程组,使用高分辨率总变差减小格式,计算研究了轨道再入飞行器再入地球大气层的10个飞行工况（飞行马赫数9.7～27.8）,分析了不同工况下轨道再入飞行器弓形脱体激波后流场气动热力学环境特性,得出气动力系数和沿壁面的热流密度分布,与国外相关飞行数据比较,两者吻合较好。     

基于MSC/NASTRAN的高速飞行器气动热与结构响应耦合分析程序开发

在Window环境下,以PATRAN为平台,利用二次开发语言PCL(patran command language)把气动加热工程计算方法与NASTRAN进行实时耦合,通过客户化、增设特定的命令和窗体等技术开发了飞行器气动加热/结构热响应耦合分析程序CASRAS(couple up aeroheatingstructural response analysis program system)。该程序可对高超声速飞行器热防护系统进行快速隔热性能评估,对高超声速飞行器内部电子设备环境温度进行快速预估。通过物理模型归一化处理,能够对热试验方案的制定提供技术支持,从而将试验与理论分析有机的结合在一起,对热结构设计和结构热试验有很高的实用价值。     

基于流-固耦合的测量耙设计

在设计某型涡扇发动机外涵出口测量耙时,发现原有的强度计算方法中载荷施加方法与实际发动机流场受力条件相差较大,无法模拟测量耙在发动机流道中所受的真实载荷。为解决上述问题,提出采用单向流-固耦合的方法开展该测量耙的静强度分析和模态特性分析。发现采用单向流-固耦合方法计算得到的测量耙载荷更加接近测量耙真实装机状态所受载荷。经过计算,与传统方法相比,采用单向流-固耦合方法得到的静应力由248.69 MPa减小为51.49 MPa,变形由0.81 mm减小为0.16 mm;测量耙前六阶固有频率均增长超过7%,成功避开了发动机转子固有频率。流-固耦合设计方法可以为提高现有的测量耙设计能力提供参考,同时应用于后续测量耙设计及校核计算中。     

高超声速飞行器建模研究

该文基于NASPWinged-cone高超声速飞行器模型,研究了高超声速飞行器六自由度模型建立方法,并基于面元法计算的气动力对其纵向模态特性进行了初步研究,了解了高超声速飞行器纵向长短周期特性。该建模方法为初步分析、计算、模拟和表征高超声速飞行器运动规律的研究提供了方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-