一种基于QoS偏好的服务选择策略

面对服务质量敏感的用户,应该依据用户的偏好进行服务选择。给出了Web服务QoS的描述形式,从5个方面对QoS属性进行分析。根据用户对各QoS指标的偏好构建层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)矩阵,进一步利用AHP矩阵获得各QoS属性的权重。在此基础上,提出了一种基于逼近理想解的排序方法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)。该方法基于候选服务的QoS属性构建决策矩阵,确定正理想解和负理想解,通过贴近度的大小对服务进行优劣排序。实例分析表明,该算法是有效的。     

基于灰色关联分析的直觉模糊多属性Web服务选择

Web服务的性能主要从非功能属性QoS来体现.提出了将Web服务QoS属性分为精确型、区间型和语言型,同时基于层次分析法给出了用户对各QoS属性的偏好权重.引入了直觉模糊集理论将QoS属性统一转为直觉模糊数,并定义了两个直觉模糊数的距离.在服务选择过程中,根据灰色关联分析方法的思想,计算每个方案对于直觉模糊矩阵正、负理想解的灰色关联度,然后计算各方案对于正理想解的相对关联度,并依据相对关联度对各方案排序,相对关联度越大,对应服务的综合QoS性能越优.最后通过一个实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种不确定型多属性决策方法及其应用

 讨论了权重完全未知且属性值为区间数的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于理想区间数贴近度的决策方法。首先定义区间数的距离,并给出区间数贴近度的公理化定义,讨论区间数贴近度的性质,然后针对区间型多属性决策问题给出一种区间型决策矩阵的规范化方法,并给出3种确定权重的方法,分别是模糊标度重心赋权法（主观赋权法）、基于最小相对熵原理的熵与相对熵综合赋权法（客观赋权法）以及利用优化方法,以待评方案与理想最优方案的贴近度最大化为优化目标,建立的贴近度最大化赋权法（主、客观组合赋权法）。利用权重可计算出每个方案与理想方案的综合贴近度,即可得到所有方案的排序结果。最后通过实例分析验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

偏序相似度在多属性决策问题中的应用

针对决策者只能提供决策方案的序数偏好信息,且属性权重系数不确定的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于偏序之间相似度的多属性决策方法.该方法运用相似关系确定出相似度,建立了最大控制指标和最小被控制指标模型.通过模型的计算,得出方案集的两个全预序排列,然后将这两个全预序排列合并成方案集的最后排序.该排列具有更符合现实决策行为的偏序结构.最后,举例说明了该方法的可行性.     

多用户偏好下基于三支决策的动态属性约简

属性约简是粗糙集理论的核心研究内容之一.为满足不同用户对约简的不同需求,针对多用户偏好改变的情形,提出一种面向多用户的三支动态属性约简方法.首先,融合多用户偏好,定义用户偏好矩阵描述多用户下各属性偏好度;然后,结合属性偏好度和现实问题的代价,提出用户偏好指标,表示属性在当前用户组下的重要程度,并作为启发信息选择属性;最...     

基于熵权的施工机械选型研究

将熵理论应用于产品型号选择,为工程项目选择合适的施工机械.利用熵理论过滤各型号中数值很接近的指标,减轻评价工作量;对定量和定性指标采用不同的无量纲化方法,得出标准评价矩阵;利用熵权修正主观指标权重,得到综合权重;根据各产品与理想产品的相对接近度来选择产品.并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性与实用性.     

基于用户类别兴趣偏好的个性化排序方法

信息检索中,个性化排序在传统的基于内容匹配的排序算法基础上,结合用户兴趣特征,返回更符合用户需求的检索结果.由于用户数据存在稀疏性和兴趣爱好不均衡等问题,用户兴趣偏好模型构建通常不是很精确,检索效果也不佳.本文在前人研究的基础上,提出了一种基于用户类别偏好的个性化排序方法.该方法首先借助词向量技术计算查询词和文档标签集之间的语义相似程度,其次,考虑到用户对不同兴趣的偏好程度不一,通过构建用户兴趣偏好模型,计算出用户对不同兴趣类别的偏好程度,对待查询文档进行个性化处理,以达到个性化排序的目的.在真实数据集上的实验表明,与传统方法相比,本文提出的方法可以有效地改善用户的个性化检索效果.     

逼近群体理想解的多属性群决策新方法

对每个属性下不同决策者权重不同的决策问题,提出一种始终基于群体理想解的新方法.首先,对每个备选方案定义群体理想解和负理想解,求出对每个决策者而言该方案与其群体理想解的相对贴近度;然后,基于群体贴近度矩阵定义整个备选方案集的群体理想解和负理想解.进而计算决策群体对各备选方案的最终排序结果;最后,以供应商选择算例说明其有效性.该方法将逼近理想解法扩展到群决策,以群体理想解取代群体效用,避免了群体效用归并难题.     

基于权重调节和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统相似度计算方法只利用用户的评分信息这一显性反馈行为进行推荐, 导致推荐效果不理想的问题, 提出一种新的相似度计算方法, 通过引入权重调节机制及用户行为偏好等隐性反馈信息, 提升推荐的准确度. 首先, 根据负采样的反用户频率, 降低流行物品全局软件工程的影响程度, 并使用共同评分行为的最小权重, 调节因共同评分数过少而导致的推荐准确度偏差. 其次, 提出项目偏好词定义, 根据项目偏好词矩阵计算出在项目特征上具有共同偏好的用户. 最后, 在MovieLens数据集上进行实验对比分析, 实验结果表明, 改进后的相似度计算有较优的MAE值, 且有更高的推荐准确性.     

基于理想解的区间数多属性决策的相对隶属度法

针对区间数的多属性决策问题,首先将决策者的主观偏好信息所隐含的属性权重通过一个线性规划模型计算出来;其次基于模糊集理论,借助每一方案与理想和劣等方案的综合加权距离,求得每个方案相对于优等方案的相对隶属度,提出了基于理想解的区间数多属性决策的相对隶属度法对方案进行择优和排序,从而较好地确定了属性的权重,且所提出的方法具有更强的排列能力.最后通过算例说明方法的可行性和实用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.