宇宙学常数和暗物质对宇宙演化的影响

在假定了暗物质密度随宇宙尺度因子变化的基础上,利用数值计算重新求解Fridmann-Lemaitre方程,得出暗物质及其压强对宇宙学常数取值以及宇宙年龄和减速因子的影响。     

修正的Chaplygin气体暗能量及其Om几何诊断法

在标准宇宙学模型框架下,为解释当前宇宙的加速膨胀,人们引入了具有负压强的暗能量。修正的Chaplygin气体(MCG)模型是一种暗能量和暗物质的统一模型,可以用来解释当前宇宙的加速膨胀。考虑在暗能量和暗物质之间没有相互作用和存在相互作用这两种情况下,MCG模型的动力学方程和能量密度随红移z的演化,通过绘图分析得到其能量转化规律。进一步应用Om几何诊断方法,将MCG模型与宇宙学常数模型ΛCDM和Chaplygin气体(GCG)模型加以区分。     

具有黏滞性的相互作用Sharma-Mittal全息暗能量模型的宇宙学演化

深入研究了具有黏滞性的相互作用 Sharma-Mittal 全息暗能量(SMHDE)模型的宇宙学演化和几何诊断.具体地,在平坦的FRW宇宙中,通过选取暗能量和暗物质之间的相互作用项分别为Q_1=3b~2H_(ρ_(de))和Q_2=3b~2H_(ρ_(de)ρ_(dm))/(ρ_(de)+ρ_(dm)),讨论了不具有黏滞性、仅暗能量具有黏滞性和仅暗物质具有黏滞性这3种情况下各宇宙学量的演化.研究表明,当仅暗能量具有黏滞性时,黏滞性对密度参数和减速参数的演化不产生影响.而仅暗物质具有黏滞性时,各宇宙学量的演化则会受到黏滞性的显著影响.进一步,为了区分此模型与∧CDM模型的不同,还对具有黏滞性的相互作用SMHDE模型进行了Statefinder几何诊断和Om几何诊断.从它们各自的演化图像可以看到,这两种诊断方法不仅可以区分与∧CDM模型的不同,而且可以直观地反映出黏滞系数和耦合参数对此暗能量模型的明显影响.     

关于暗物质与暗能量参数化的统一模型

构建暗物质与暗能量参数化的统一模型．通过利用与哈勃参数相关的关系式（4）．我们给出了一个能统一暗物质与暗能量的参数化的态方程．由此方程出发,导出了相关的一些宇宙学量与红移量之间的关系．通过计算,我们发现暗能量态参数和减速因子的现在值ω0DE,q0以及转换红移计与超新星观测数据的结果符合得很好．进一步,通过分析暗能量未来的演化趋势,否定了宇宙大劈裂（Big Rip）的命运．     

暗能量

最近的宇宙学观测表明,人类熟悉的原子物质(重子物质)只占宇宙总能量的4%左右,而剩下的能量成分都是看不见的暗物质和暗能量,其中暗物质占23%,暗能量占73%.当前,暗物质和暗能量的起源和物理本质都不清楚,揭开它们的神秘本质是现代基础科学所面临的最大挑战之一.暗物质虽然神秘,但是它所产生的引力是和原子物质一样的正常引力.而暗能量就不同了,它更加神秘莫测,它产生的引力实际上是一种排斥力.正是由于暗能量的排斥力的驱动,我们的宇宙现在正在加速膨胀.暗能量在当前的物理学理论框架下面临着严重的问题.实际上,它的物理本性和量子引力理论有着深刻的联系.因此,暗能量的理论研究将为自下而上地建立一个完整的量子引力理论提供重要的线索.在简要论述了与暗能量相关的各种问题来龙去脉的基础上,描述了这个领域的概况.     

观测宇宙学的一些新进展

系统介绍了观测宇宙学和其最新进展,包括观测手段和哈勃常数和宇宙的年龄、宇宙的暗物质、暗能量、背景辐射、大尺度结构、元素丰度、活动星系核、中微子、γ暴等热点问题,并提出了观测宇宙学存在的问题和挑战.     

哈勃参量限制宇宙学模型的优势

1998年对Ia型超新星的观测结果表明,宇宙是加速膨胀的,暗能量是可能导致宇宙加速膨胀的一个重要模型.宇宙学中状态方程w是了解暗能量本质的一个重要的物理量,我们在假定暗能量状态方程w=w(z)随红移变化的情况下,通过计算哈勃参量和光度距离,得到用光度距离来限制暗能量状态方程会有信息损失的结论,进一步比较哈勃参量和光度距离,发现哈勃参量在限制宇宙学模型和宇宙学参数方面比光度距离更有优势.     

衰变粒子宇宙学模型中的宇宙学常数

本文在M.S.Turner提出的衰变粒子宇宙学模型的基础上,引入宇宙学常数Ω,得出了具有宇宙学常数入的衰变粒子宇宙学的动力学方程组,解决了Turner模型所遇到的宇宙年龄过小的困难.通过上机计算求得了宇宙尺度因子随时间的演化曲线和宇宙中各能量成分的能量密度随时间的演化曲线,并讨论了引入宇宙学常数后,减速因子和衰变粒子质量以及对宇宙未来演化的影响.     

科学家谈天文学重要方向 宇宙大尺度结构

正宇宙学是研究宇宙起源和演化的学科。近年来随着天文观测和理论的快速发展,宇宙学参数已经得到非常精确的测定,宇宙学研究进入了黄金时代。宇宙大尺度结构是宇宙学研究的重要前沿领域,主要是通过多波段巡天测绘不同时期宇宙的物质结构来研究宇宙结构形成和时间演化,从而揭示宇宙的物质组成成分以及宇宙演化物理过程、暗物质、暗能量本质等宇宙学重要问题。     

宇宙演化总论——二十一世纪广义宇宙学新探索(下)

从广义宇宙学的视角论述了物质起源、宇宙起源、生命与智慧起源等宇宙演化的总体过程,指出宇宙由信息宇宙和物质宇宙共同组成,两者处于无限交流循环的进化状态.针对现代宇宙学研究的一系列焦点问题,诸如黑洞及大爆炸奇点、宇宙对称破缺、引力形态、暗物质、暗能量、类星体能量等进行了溯本求源的剖析;对信息宇宙和物质宇宙的关系、构成宇宙万物的最小基础粒子——单奇子的信息及物质两态性、溢散态正引力空间等宇宙构成的原初问题进行了论述.希望本文创立的广义宇宙学能成为后世宇宙学研究的阶梯.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.