双层引水进口前临界淹没水深的试验研究

现有水电站最小临界淹没水深的计算公式仅针对于单管单孔进水口,本文旨在研究双层进水口的水力特性,以获得其临界淹没水深的经验公式。通过水力模型试验,提出虚拟当量管道的概念,由此拟合得出双层进水口的最小淹没水深公式。结果发现,双层进水管的临界淹没水深试验值比Gordon公式计算值大,但两条拟合曲线的斜率较接近。研究可得Gordon公式仅适用于单管单孔进水,而不适用于双层进水管引水的情况,本文拟合所得经验公式可为双层进水口的临界淹没水深设计提供一定的参考。     

进水口最小淹没水深和消涡措施

为了防止进水口前产生吸气漩涡,水电站或泵站进水口前要求有一定的淹没深度,在总结具有代表性的不产生吸气漩涡的临界淹没水深经验公式的基础上,以某水电站进水口为依托开展了模型试验研究,比较了各经验公式在该电站进水口应用中的适用性。结果表明,戈登公式计算值与试验值最为接近。最后,通过模型试验进一步分析了水电站进水口漩涡的影响因素,提出了几种消除吸气漩涡的工程措施。     

泵站进水口临界淹没深度相似准则及换算公式探讨

结合大型斜式轴流泵站水力模型临界淹没深度试验研究,就泵站进水口临界淹没深度相似准则进行探讨,提出了泵站进水口临界淹没深度换算公式.与其它泵站进水口临界淹没深度换算公式进行了比较,验证了公式的适用性.     

进水口前立轴旋涡的试验研究

通过分析旋涡形成的影响因素,建立了立轴旋涡的形成和类型,与佛汝德数、环量数和淹没水深三个参数的关系式. 自制了能改变进水口尺寸、型式、边界条件和水流条件等影响立轴旋涡的实验装置. 分析测得的试验结果,对底部和侧部两种进水口提供不同的系数,有利于针对实际工程中进水口的具体形式,作为估算临界淹没水深的参考.     

三峡工程水电站进水口的型式及其水力特性

主要论述三峡工程电站进水口的型式及其实验结果．三峡电站进水口设计是有两种型式,即单孔方案和双孔方案,每种方案都经过数次体型优化,并对每种优化方案进行了模型试验．本根据试验成果对单、双孔进水口各方案的水力特性进行了综合评述及对比分析,最终得出,双孔方案总比单孔方案的流态更好．在给定的控制条件下,双孔方案进水前不会导致任何的漩涡产生,相反,在单孔方案进水口前出现了挟气漩涡．尽管这处漩涡在单四方案中可以被消除,但是要设置破选措施．试验结果表明,双孔方案增大了电站进水口的面积,但是并没有降低水头损失,两种进口方案有着几乎相同的水头损失,但就某种方案而言,优化过程还是降低了水头损失的．本最后简要评价了ASCE的设计准则。     

洪水作用下车辆稳定性试验与安全标准研究

对洪水作用下车辆失稳时的受力情况进行分析,推导出车辆失稳临界条件方程,并结合三款不同型号1:18的车辆模型渡槽试验,确定方程中拖曳力系数、摩擦力系数、淹没深度与排开水质量关系。根据流动相似原理计算原型车辆失稳的临界水深-流速关系,并以此提出了车辆部分淹没时“大中小”车型的多层次安全标准。研究结果表明：随着水流流速增大,失稳临界水深变小,且流速-水深曲线“凹凸性”发生变化;随着车辆部分淹没水深增加,不同来流情况的临界流速逐渐趋近;同款车型在相同的水深条件下,侧向来流比正向来流更容易失稳;三车并列时稳定性介于侧向来流和正向来流之间;路面坡度越大,车辆越容易失稳;质量越大车辆,稳定性越好。     

U形渠道临界水深、弗劳德数和水跃的研究

提出了U形渠道临界水深、弗劳德数和水跃的计算方法。给出了U形渠道临界水深的迭代计算公式和弗劳德数的显式计算公式,推导出了U形渠道的水跃方程,与文献[7]的实测数据进行了对比分析,验证了公式的可靠性。     

洪水作用下车辆稳定性试验与安全标准

对洪水作用下车辆失稳时的受力情况进行分析,推导出车辆失稳临界条件方程,并结合三款不同型号1∶18的车辆模型渡槽试验,确定方程中拖曳力系数、摩擦力系数、淹没深度与排开水质量关系。根据流动相似原理计算原型车辆失稳的临界水深-流速关系,并以此提出了车辆部分淹没时"大中小"车型的多层次安全标准。研究结果表明:随着水流流速增大,失稳临界水深变小,且流速-水深曲线"凹凸性"发生变化;随着车辆部分淹没水深增加,不同来流情况的临界流速逐渐趋近;同款车型在相同的水深条件下,侧向来流比正向来流更容易失稳;三车并列时稳定性介于侧向来流和正向来流之间;路面坡度越大,车辆越容易失稳;质量越大,车辆稳定性越好。     

鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结起动规律试验

为研究鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结起动规律，采用玻璃水槽测量了不同淤积历时及水深条件下黏性底质淤泥起动流速，根据试验数据拟合得到鄱阳湖底质淤泥起动与淤积历时和水深的经验公式，并将结果与相关文献泥沙起动经验公式计算结果进行对比。结果表明，鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结程度随着淤积历时的增加经历了新落淤、固结初期、加速固结、固结稳定4个阶段，起动流速与水深呈正相关关系；淤积1 d起动流速与相关文献泥沙起动经验公式计算结果较接近，淤积历时越长，试验结果与经验公式计算结果相差越大。     

梯形断面明渠临界水深计算方法新探

临界水深是水力学计算中的一个很重要的参数,在水力计算及水工设计中应用非常广泛。在实际工程中,梯形断面渠道较为常见,故梯形断面明渠临界水深的求解就显得尤为重要。本文在临界流方程的基础上,通过引进无量蛔参数,导出了临界水深的近似计算公式。通过算例证明了所得公式的计算精度较高。公式为显式,可直接应用计算,且形式简单,使用方便,可为相关水力计算提供便利。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-