人口因素对农牧交错带农牧业生态环境的影响

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,分析了人CI因素对农牧交错带生态环境的影响．结果表明,人CI的增加、减少及人CI素质的变化会影响农牧交错带的生产环境,人CI增加、人CI素质低在很大程度上使农牧业生态环境退化,人CI减少及人CI素质的提高有利于生态环境的改善．在农牧业生产过程中,应遵循自然规律,制订符合当地农牧业发展的政策、法规,积极协调人与自然之间的关系,使农牧业生产持续发展．     

北方农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力的时空分布

北方农牧交错带是我国典型的生态环境脆弱区,土壤侵蚀十分严重.降水是土壤水蚀的动力因素,降雨侵蚀力反映了降水因素对土壤水蚀的潜在作用能力.利用农牧交错带内及邻近市县共109个气象站的1971～1998年的逐日降水量,计算农牧交错带的降雨侵蚀力并分析其空间分异规律.结果显示农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力值由东南向西北递减,近30年来农牧交错带多数地区的降雨侵蚀力呈增加趋势,即由降水引起土壤水蚀的潜在能力增加;降雨侵蚀力的年内季节分布十分集中,根据降雨侵蚀力的季节变化特征可将农牧交错带划分为4大类型区.     

农牧交错带的研究现状及进展

农牧交错带是典型的生态脆弱区、贫困人口集中区和我国多民族聚居区，也是我国东、中培地区向西发展的必经地带，历年来对该地带的研究形成了较系统的科学体系，但仍存在较多的缺陷，鉴于农牧交错带独特而重要的生态作用，今后对农牧交错带的研究应引起理论界的更多重视。     

大豆重迎茬减产机理分析

在研究农牧交错带蛋白饲料及文献查阅的基础上,对大豆重迎茬种植减产的主要障碍因素进行了系统分析．     

中国农牧交错带研究现状及问题研究

农牧交错带在我国北方地区和西南地区均有大面积的分布,对于我国生态环境的保护和民族区域经济的发展有着十分重要的影响作用.本文根据众多学者的研究成果,对我国农牧交错带的分布、概念以及研究内容加以综合整理和总结,并对我国农牧交错带研究需要进一步加强的领域及其发展趋向进行了分析和展望.     

1990—2010年间我国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖度变化归因

以我国北方传统农牧交错带为研究区,以植被归一化指数(NDVI)表征地表植被覆盖度,对土地利用数据和降水量、气温等气象数据两大类影响因子进行相关性分析.研究发现:1990—2010年该地区主要土地利用类型发生了显著的相互转化,但占优势的仍是草地、耕地和林地,土地利用和景观结构未发生重大变化.研究期间,北方农牧交错带耕地、林地和未利用土地植被覆盖度均有所增加,草地植被覆盖度有所减少.植被覆盖度与年均降水量呈极显著相关性,1990—2010年农牧交错带降水呈减少趋势,植被覆盖度上升趋势明显.植被覆盖度与同期年均气温数据也呈现一定的正相关性,1990—2010年农牧交错带气温变化属于升温趋势,植被覆盖度上升趋势明显.研究表明北方农牧交错带植被覆盖度变化是在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下发生的,土地利用变化和降水、气温气象数据两种因素对植被覆盖度的影响具有明显的地域性特征,土地利用变化因子的影响由于受政策和人类活动的参与而正逐渐占据着主导地位,而气候条件中,气温升高对植被覆盖度具有一定的正相关性,降水量因子在径流量充沛地区影响作用较弱,但在水源缺乏,人类活动干预较少农牧交错带西北地区仍然有着重要的影响作用.     

近300a来河北省张北县土地利用变化研究

近300a来北方农牧交错带的土地利用发生了很大变化,对当时及现在的社会和自然环境都产生了不同程度的影响.选取位于农牧交错带的张北县为研究区域,主要利用地名志资料分析该地区土地利用的发展阶段,通过运用ArcGIS软件中的重分类、重心分析等功能显示了这一地区村落在不同地形区内随着时间变化的趋势,研究了影响土地开发的主要因素,认为政策因素在其中起着非常重要的作用;地形、海拔高度在很大程度上也影响着土地利用,而且持续性很强.这一个案研究既为以后研究农牧交错带提供了可行性技术和方法,也为此后这一地区土地再次开发利用提供历史借鉴.     

农牧交错带城镇化及其动力机制探讨——以河北坝上张北县为例

城镇化是当前我国社会经济发展中的重大问题，推进城镇化进程是促进区域协凋发展的重要途径．农牧交错带作为我国一个特殊的地理区域，其城镇化过程不仅是集聚经济、人口和改善基础没施条件的过程，也是调整结构、培育新的经济增长点和有效提高人均收入、解决就业问题和建设小康社会的过程．本文以农牧交错带张北县为例，采用定性和定量相结合的方法，就城镇化发展的现状特征与动力机制进行初步分析，发现张北县城镇化快速发展具有很大的潜力，第二产业对城镇化发展的带动作用大于第一、二产业．     

基于RDA的县域土地利用/覆被变化驱动力研究

为了定量分析各种自然及人为因素对土地利用/覆被变化的驱动作用,研究以农牧交错区典型县域山西省左云县为例,在分析该区1990~2010年的土地利用/覆被分布、变化特征的基础上,采用冗余分析方法研究其驱动力。结果表明:1)土地利用/覆被类型以耕地、林地和草地为主,各类型土地之间的转移以耕地和草地转移为林地、耕地与草地之间互相转移为主;2)土壤有机碳含量、高程、人均GDP、人口密度等LUCC最重要的驱动力;3)耕地、草地转移为林地,以及耕地转移为草地主要受到年均降水量、高程等自然因素的驱动,而草地转移为耕地则主要受到人口密度、人均GDP等人为因素的影响;4)RDA可以有效提取县域尺度LUCC的驱动力而驱动力源于自然和人为因素的共同作用。     

基于GIS的中国农牧交错带的计算和模拟

以牧草生长的适宜度模型为依据,选取了9个生态因子,通过层次分析法和模糊集合理论建立了农牧交错带生态因子评定模型,并利用GIS技术对农牧交错带进行空间计算,模拟出农牧交错带的地理分布,对中国农牧交错带的地理分布进行了较为细致的表述.结果表明:中国农牧交错带分布是沿胡焕庸所提出的人口分界线(黑龙江省的黑河-云南省的腾冲)走向的一条狭长地带,涉及黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏等13个省(区)的234个县(市、旗),总面积813459.06 km2.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-