教学幻灯片制作方法简介（二）

4.照像制作法用照像的方法制作幻灯片准确、真实、速度快，适合大量复制。根据实物拍摄要求，物体或图片在30公分以上的可以在照像机锐头前安上一近摄镜片即可拍摄。如物体或图片较小，用近拟镜头所摄得的画面很小时，可以安装近摄圈拍摄的画面可以达到实物或原图大小。即可当作翻拍机使用。若使用翻拍机进行摄影比较方便，速度也要快些。幻灯片分彩色片，黑白片两大类，彩色片一是天然色彩色片，用这种彩色胶卷拍摄的物体能将原物色彩重新显现拍成付片（这适合需大量复制的幻灯片），再翻印成彩色正片，也可使用兵转片，一次即可得到彩色正…     

摄影高手速成班

曝光正确的曝光是拍摄雪景中最基本也是很关键的问题。雪是洁白的晶体物，其积聚在景物上使其成为白色，从而增加了景物的反光度。景物上有雪的部分亮度很高，而没有雪的部分则显得很暗，这使得各部分的反差很大。大部分的数码相机其测光值是由景物反光来获取的，因此如果你直接对着雪景来进行测光，所拍摄出来的画面会偏暗，此时你必须进行曝光补偿才能获取正常的曝光。     

350mm望远镜光能集中度检测

利用哈特曼光栏法对350 mm望远镜光能集中度进行检测,结果证明光能集中范围小于70%时较好,大于70%时较差.因而350 mm望远镜能基本满足普通光电测光工作和科普观测的要求.     

基于主成分分析的测光红移方法

通过对最新的合成星系光谱库GALAEV进行主成分分析（principle component analysis，PCA），发现该光谱库所包含的信息可以充分压缩为3个本征谱，用其可精确地重构真实星系的谱能量分布．结果显示，用PCA得到的3个本征谱可作为模板估计星系的测光红移．我们使用BATC15色测光系统，用合成与真实星系测试了用这一套模板决定的测光红移精度，结果显示对于测光误差约为σm=0．05mag时，测光红移测量误差大约为σz=0．013，错误率约为0．12％；当红移低于z=1．20时，测量的误差为σz=0．012，而错误率为0．与传统方法相比，基于PCA的测光红移方法需要的模板谱数量少、运算速度快、测量的准确度较高．利用该方法可以通过对各种测光系统及其组合进行测试，选用尽可能少的中带滤光片，结合宽带测光，在保证科学目标要求的测光红移精度前提下，可最大限度地减少望远镜的观测时间．     

化学系摸索出在聚酯薄膜上进行静电复印的最佳条件

近年来,科研工作中已广泛应用幻灯机和投影仪作为学术交流的工具。对投影仪幻灯片的制作方法,大体上有拍摄法、印刷法和手工直绘法三种。拍摄法比较适合制作35mm 的幻灯片,但对制作尺寸较大的适合投影仪使用的幻灯片就不太方便。而印刷法和手工直绘法制作过程比较费时。为此,化学系的研究人员在日本 Canon Np125型静电复印机上进行了多次试验,解决了聚酯薄膜胶片输入后卡机、图象清晰度差等关键技术问题,摸索出适合于在聚酯薄膜上进行静电复印的最佳条件。     

浅谈数码照相机的正确曝光

轻便型数码照相机通常均具有自动曝光档和各种场景曝光模式。而专业单反数码相机的曝光模式包括：P-程序自动曝光档,A-光圈先决自动曝光档,S-快门先决自动曝光档以及M-手动曝光档。无论是轻便型数码相机还是专业单反数码相机,均设置有曝光补偿档。了解了数码相机的测光原理和影响正确曝光的因素,并掌握了数码相机的基本原理和如何控制现场光的曝光能力,即可拍摄到曝光合适的数码相片。     

光电振荡法测量光速的误差修正

光速是物理学最重要的常量之一。通过分析光电振荡法测光速实验的原理及测量数据,发现了测量仪附加时延造成的系统误差,完成了误差的补偿和修正,使光电振荡法测光速的相对误差从13.6%改善为0.6%。     

利用部分补偿透镜进行非球面面形测量

提出用部分补偿透镜进行非球面检验的方法.对部分补偿透镜的设计方法和要求进行了研究,针对3种不同参数的非球面设计了部分补偿透镜,结构比零补偿器更简单.分析了各种部分补偿透镜的非球面度补偿范围,证明用简单且易于制造的部分补偿透镜补偿不同相对孔径和非球面度的非球面.测量精度可达到λ/10.     

单反数字相机在医学形态学科图片库建设中的应用

通过canonEos350D单反数字相机在医学形态学科图片库建设中的应用，介绍了该型号数字相机的功能、特性，对显微镜下视野的拍摄。实验实训过程及场景的拍摄以及将底片或幻灯片翻转拍摄成数字图像等方面的应用技巧。     

一种变压器差动保护相位补偿的新方法

本文通过对不同相位补偿方法的比较,阐述了采用新相位补偿方法在主变空充时的优点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-