Epstein-barr virus and inflammatory bowel disease

Zusammenfassung Die Häufigkeit und der Antikörpertiter gegen Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) wurde in Patienten mit Ulkus-Colitis und Crohn's Krankheit, eine granulomatische Abnormalität ähnlich zur Sarkoidose untersucht und normale Häufigkeit und Antikörpertiter gegen EBV bei ihnen gefunden.

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Supported by Research Contract No. NIH-69-2078 within the Special Virus Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USPHS, National Institutes of Health Grant No. AM 05126 and the National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis, Inc., New York, New York.

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Dr.Grotsky is a recipient of a National Institutes of Health Graduate Training Grant in Gastroenterology, No. Am 05126.

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Dr.Hirshaut is a recipient of a National Cancer Institute Grant No. CA 08748 an a grant from the New York Cancer Research Institute.

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Dr.Glade is a recipient of a Research Career Development Award No. A1-46371 of the USPHS.     

Synaptic development in brains of rats exposed perinatally to ethanol

Summary Development of brain synaptosomal uptakes of³H-norepinephrine and³H-dopamine in pups whose mothers received ethanol were nearly normal. However, development of synaptosomal uptake of³H-serotonin was significantly lower than in controls, while uptake of³H-norepinephrine into synaptic storage vesicles was increased.The authors thank F.J. Seidler and W.L. Whitmore for their technical assistance. Research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants AA-02935 and DA-00465. TAS is recipient of Research Scientist Development Award DA-00006 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and SMS is recipient of Research Scientist Award MH-06489 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

Expansion of the bile acid pool changes the biliary transport characteristics of centrizonal hepatocytes

We investigated whether acinar differences in taurocholate transport are responsible for the increased maximal secretory rate observed after expansion of the bile acid pool. The bile acid pool was expanded by cholate feeding for four days. Periportal and centrizonal hepatocytes were then probed by ante- and retrograde liver perfusion, respectively. In control animals, secretory rate constant (alpha 1) averaged 0.439 +/- 0.123 and 0.104 +/- 0.035 min-1 during ante- and retrograde perfusion, respectively, in the absence of exogenous taurocholate. These values did not significantly change when taurocholate was infused. In cholate-fed animals, alpha 1 was comparable during antegrade perfusion but was significantly reduced (0.038 +/- 0.035, p less than 0.05) during retrograde perfusion in the absence of exogenous taurocholate, presumably owing to induction of cytosolic bile acid binding proteins. During loading with exogenous taurocholate, by contrast, alpha 1 was significantly accelerated (0.252 +/- 0.026; p less than 0.01) in centrizonal hepatocytes from bile-acid fed rats. Expansion of the bile acid pool is able to change the bile salt secretory characteristics of centrizonal hepatocytes toward those of periportal ones.     

Daily variations in pigeon cropsac responses to prolactin

Zusammenfassung Es wird festgestellt, dass die Ansprechbarkeit des Taubenkropfsackes auf Prolactin in Abhängigkeit vom hormonalen Zustand des Versuchstieres von Tag zu Tag verschieden ist.

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Our study was supported by a Public Health Service Research Grant No. 5 R01 AM13400 and a Public Health Service Research Career Development Award No. GM-17, 898, toAlbert H. Meier. The ovine prolactin was a gift of the Endocrinology Study Section of the National Institutes of Health. We thank Dr.P. E. Schilling of the Computer Center at Louisiana State University for making the statistical evaluations.     

Choline activation of lithium transport

Zusammenfassung Nachweis einer Erhöhung des Li-Austausches in Rinder-Erythrozyten bei Anwesenheit von Cholinchlorid im Extrazellularraum.

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This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, a National Institutes of Mental Health Special Fellowship to W.R.C., and a Public Health Service Career Development Award to D.F.M.     

Role of inorganic phosphate in total biliary phosphorus determination

Summary Total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, and phospholipids were measured in bile of rats and guinea pigs during choleresis and cholestasis produced by taurocholate and taurolithocholate, respectively. Under either experimental condition, total biliary phosphorus concentrations increased significantly in both species, due primarily to an increase in inorganic phosphate. These studies indicate that, if total phosphorus is taken as an estimate of biliary phospholipid concentration, correction for inorganic phosphate is essential under conditions associated with changes in bile secretory function.This work was supported by grant HD-17556 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.     

Influence of phenylbutazone on bile flow in the rat

Summary Phenylbutazone, a well-known enzyme inducer, at a dose of 80 mg·kg^–1 once daily for 8 days increases liver weight and bile flow expressed per g of liver (p<0.01). The bile salt secretory rate is not increased.     

Neuropeptide Y in the guinea-pig biliary tract

Summary High concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been demonstrated in the gall bladder (16.7±5.4 pmol/g), cystic duct (25.4±9.2 pmol/g) and common bile duct (54.7±11.5 pmol/g) of the guinea-pig using a recently developed radio-immunoassay. Immunoreactive NPY containing nerves were demonstrated in all layers of the biliary tree using immunocytochemistry, being particularly dense in the myenteric and mucosal plexuses.Acknowledgments. JMA is a recipient of a Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship. JG is a visiting scholar from the Department of Pathology, Peking Medical College, Peking, China.     

Reaction of lysozyme with dithiothreitol and with other mercaptans

Riassunto Sono misurate le velocità di reazione della lisozima con 0.05M ditiotreitolo, HSCH₂CH₂OH, (HSCH₂CH₂COO^–) e H₂SCH₂CH₂NH₂ in tampone borace di pH 10 e in alcune altre concentrazioni e pH. La cinetica della reazione col ditiotreitolo è differente da quella con HSCH₂CH₂OH e viene data una interpretazione di questo fenomeno.

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This work was aided by a grant and a Career Development Award (to G.G.) from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.     

Gastrin stimulated H+ secretion in amphibian gastric mucosa: Effect of tetrodotoxin

Summary The role of neural mechanisms in gastrin stimulated H⁺ secretion was studied using amphibian gastric fundic mucosa. Spontaneously secreting mucosae were converted to resting state (zero H⁺ secretory rate) using Burimamide. Following removal of burimamide, 3×10^–6 M tetrodotoxin did not block gastrin stimulation of H⁺ secretion indicating that neural mechanisms are not required.This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service NIH Grant AM17315 and by the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration.     

A simple method for the preparation of antibodies to the mitochondrial biotin-dependent carboxylases

Summary Heterologous antiserum to the 3 biotin-dependent carboxylases was prepared by selective removal of these enzymes from human liver on an avidin-sepharose column. A carboxylase-avidin-sepharose matrix was used as an antigen to produce anti-carboxylase antibodies. The resultant antisera can be used to purifiy the specific carboxylases, to prepare monoclonal antibodies to these enzymes or to study inherited carboxylase deficiencies and biotin-dependent intermediary metabolism.The authors thank Dr Emmanuel Shapira for his helpful suggestions and Patricia Tuck for her technical assistance. This work was supported by NIH research grants AM25675 and AM26127. Barry Wolf is a recipient of an NIH Research Career Development Award (AM00677) and is aided by a Basil O'Connor Starter Research Grant from the National Foundation—March of Dimes (5–263). This is paper No. 137 from the Department of Human Genetics — Medical College of Virginia.     

Conformations of amino acids calculated from molecular orbital theory

Zusammenfassung Die Konformation einiger natürlicher Aminosäuren wird auf Grund einer erweiterten Hückel-Molekular-Orbital-Theorie berechnet.

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Recipient of a Public Health Service Research Career Development Award No. AM1159.     

The number of neurons,glial and perineurium cells in an insect ganglion

Zusammenfassung Im zweiten Abdominalganglion der Indischen Stabheuschrecke (Carausius morosus Br.) wurden 600 ± 50 Neurone, 1000 ± 100 Gliazellen und 500 ± 30 Perineuriumzellen, zusammen etwa 2100 Zellen gezählt. Die Volumina des Ganglions, des Neuropilems und des Zellcortex betrugen etwa: 140 · 10^–4 mm³, 75 · 10^–4 mm³ und 65 · 10^–4 mm³.     

The pharmacokinetics of VIP in dog and pig

Summary Pure porcine VIP was infused systemically in 4 conscious dogs and systemically and intraportally in 6 anesthetized pigs. At 2.3 pmoles·kg^–1·min^–1 the MCR was 10.7±1.0 ml·kg^–1·min^–1 in dog and 7.6±1.5 (systemic) and 16.5±2.0 (portal) in pig. The t 1/2's were 1.0±0.12 and 1.0±0.05 respectively. These values agree with those observed in man. This very high single pass tissue clearance does not suggest a hormonal role for VIP.     

Ecdysteroids in vitro promote differentiation in the accessory glands of male mealworm beetles

Summary Physiological peak doses of 20-hydroxyecdysone were added to organ cultures of young pupal accessory glands of maleTenebrio molitor. During subsequent culture in vitro or in vivo, the glands accumulated adult-specific antigens. Control organ cultures showed no such antigen accumulation. In this system, ecdysteroid controls not only cell cycles but also differentiation.21 October 1986This research was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health Research Service Award F32 AM7515 (KAG) and NIH grants GM26140 and AI15662 (GMH). We thank Toshinobu Yaginuma for help in developing the transplantation technique.     

Dissociation of urease in acetate buffer of pH 3.5 with retention of the enzymatic activity

Riassunto Le molecole dell'urease (peso molecolare 480,000, coefficiente di sedimentazione 18,6 S) si dividono a metà quando trattate con tampone acetato, 0,1M, pH 3,5. Inizialmente, l'attività enzimatica è 40% di quella al pH 7 (tampone fosfato, 0,34M) e la dissociazione è riversibile. Prolungata esposizione al pH 3,5 causa una lenta denaturazione, con perdita dell'attività e dell'abilità di ricostituirsi.

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This work was supported by grant No. GM 13,900 and by Career Development Award No. 5K3 GM 13,489 (to G. G.) from the National Institutes of Health.     

Hemodynamic studies in a parabiotic model of portal hypertension

Summary Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic studies were performed in a rat model of parabiosis and portal hypertension. A portal hypertensive and a normal rat were surgically united side to side. A hyperdynamic circulation, characterized by increased cardiac index (413±26 vs 318±23 ml·min^–1·kg^–1; p<0.05) and portal venous inflow (9.61±1.29 vs 6.33±0.36 ml·min^–1·100 g b.wt^–1; p<0.05), was found in all the portal hypertensive rats but not in the normal parabiotic partners. These results do not support the existence of a transferable humoral factor mediating the hyperdynamic circulatory state of chronic portal hypertension.Acknowledgment. The authors express their appreciation to Martha Shea for technical assistance.     

Hematocrit as an index of changes in plasma volume in conscious dogs

Summary Hematocrit (HCT) measurements were made in intact and splenectomized conscious dogs to determine if observed decreases in HCT were produced by plasma volume expansion or splenic sequestration of erythrocytes. We found that in conscious dogs HCT is a poor indicator of changes in plasma volume.Supported by National Institutes of Health grant No. HL 13427.I.Z. ist the recipient of an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to thank Mary Anne Richards for her technical assistance.     

Microbial degradation of bitumen

Summary A blown bitumen Mexphalte R 90/40 with a high content of saturated hydrocarbons was degraded by several microorganisms to the same extent. In batch cultures ofSaccharomycopsis lipolytica, maximal biodegradation was estimated to be about 9% w/w, 3.2·10^–3 g/cm² and 3.1·10^–3 cm of degraded bitumen. The Mexphalte R 90/40 degradation rate was closely coupled to biofilm formation. The microbial activity concerned predominantly the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. A direct distillation bitumen 80/100 with a low content of saturated hydrocarbons and a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and resins was more resistant to biodegradation.     

Labile protein-methyl ester: Comparison between chemically and enzymatically synthesized

Summary The rate of hydrolysis of protein-methyl ester, the enzymatic product of S-adenosylmethionine: proteincarboxyl methyltransferase (EC.2.1.1.24) acting on oxidized ribonuclease, was measured at pH 7.1 and 8.6 at 37°C. The half-life of the hydrolysis of the ester is 25 min at pH 7.1, and 4 min at 8.6. The rate of hydrolysis of the enzymatically formed esters at pH 7.0, in 0.1M phosphate buffer, was about 25 times faster than that of esters formed chemically by reaction with methanol in HCl. The lability of the enzymatically synthesized protein-methyl ester suggests that the esterification is specific to sites such that ionization of neighboring amino acid side chains enhances the rate of the hydrolysis.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by Research Grants AM 09603 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, CA 10439 and CA 12226 from the National Cancer Institute, 1-P01-HD-05874 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, GM 20594-03 from National Institute of General Medical Sciences, USA.