工程量计价的合理性和必要性

分析了使用预算招投标方法存在的问题,阐述了实行工程量清单计价招投标与预算招投标的区别,实行工程量清单计价招标的优越性和合理性,提出工程量清单招投标编制的原则,指出工程量清单计价招投标是社会发展的必然结果。     

浅议建设工程招投标清单计价的相关问题

论文阐述了工程量清单招投标的相关问题。清单计价工程量就算问题和完善工程量清单格式,正确界定合理最低报价,科学地确定评标基数,完善招投标监督体制,丰富招投标监督得外延及实施中标后的造价监督以适应工程量清单招投标的需要。     

工程招标投标中采用工程量清单计价分析

本文介绍了工程量清单计价的概念和工程量清单招投标的基本特点,分析工程量清单招投标活动中所存在的问题,以及对工程量清单计价在工程招标投标中的作用进行了探讨分析。     

浅谈工程量清单招投标

工程量清单招投标的实质就是采用工程量清单计价模式确定建设工程承发包价格。本文结合笔者招投标工作的实践经验,详细介绍了工程量清单招投标的作用,重点阐述了工程量清单招标投标、评标定标、签订合同等主要内容,试图和大家交流与探讨。     

基于工程量清单计价的电力工程招投标管理系统

实施工程量清单计价将改变现有的招投标计价模式,为了规范电力工程招投标及电力企业实施信息化管理的需要,采用工程量清单计价是必然的改革趋势.针对电力工程的特点,阐述工程量清单计价工作流程,详细分析了招投标管理系统目标及功能需求,根据清单计价费用计算程序,充分考虑工程量清单报价策略,确定清单计价模式费用构成,设计计算方法,设计功能模块.建立清单计价招投标管理系统,有利于电力工程造价改革,完善招投标市场,推广以工程量清单计价为核心的新型工程造价管理模式具有重要的现实意义.     

工程量清单计价模式下招投标阶段的造价控制

介绍了工程量清单计价模式下招投标阶段的造价控制,阐述了工程量清单招投标的特点,分析了工程量清单计价模式招投标存在的问题及原因,指出了工程造价控制的工作重点。     

工程量清单招标问题探讨

随着《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的颁布实施,标志着工程造价管理发生了由传统量价合一的计划模式向量价分离的市场模式的重大转变。笔者根据学习《工程量清单计价规范》的心得体会,指出了工程量清单计价模式下的招投标制度的优越性,阐述了工程量清单计价模式在招投标过程中的运作方式,并探讨了如何在实行工程量清单招投标过程中加强招投标管理的问题。     

工程量清单及计价招投标问题的探讨

工程量清单计价模式是一种国际通用的计价模式,在国际工程计价中广泛运用.推行工程量清单计价模式下的招投标是我国工程招投标体制改革发展的方向和趋势.文章对工程量清单计价模式与传统定额模式进行了比较,分析了工程量清单计价模式下进行招投标的优点,并对如何完善工程量清单计价模式进行了探讨.     

工程量清单招投标中的风险分析和防范措施

本文阐述了工程量清单计价模式下招投标的工作程序及内涵、工程量清单招投标风险的特点等内容,并从人员,设计,意识等方面对工程量清单招投标风险进行了分析,针对招标,投标方提出了一些常见风险的防范方法。     

工程量清单招投标管理措施探讨

工程量清单招标是招投标发展到一定水平,为推进和完善招投标制度、改进行政监督机制,引导招投标向市场经济过渡,进而实现与国际惯例接轨所采取的比较科学、合理的招投标方式。结合《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》（GB50500-2008）实施以来的工作实践,对工程工程量清单计价招投标的若干问题作出探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-